Effective interactions between humans and robots are vital to achieving shared tasks in collaborative processes. Robots can utilize diverse communication channels to interact with humans, such as hearing, speech, sight, touch, and learning. Our focus, amidst the various means of interactions between humans and robots, is on three emerging frontiers that significantly impact the future directions of human–robot interaction (HRI): (i) human–robot collaboration inspired by human–human collaboration, (ii) brain-computer interfaces, and (iii) emotional intelligent perception. First, we explore advanced techniques for human–robot collaboration, covering a range of methods from compliance and performance-based approaches to synergistic and learning-based strategies, including learning from demonstration, active learning, and learning from complex tasks. Then, we examine innovative uses of brain-computer interfaces for enhancing HRI, with a focus on applications in rehabilitation, communication, brain state and emotion recognition. Finally, we investigate the emotional intelligence in robotics, focusing on translating human emotions to robots via facial expressions, body gestures, and eye-tracking for fluid, natural interactions. Recent developments in these emerging frontiers and their impact on HRI were detailed and discussed. We highlight contemporary trends and emerging advancements in the field. Ultimately, this paper underscores the necessity of a multimodal approach in developing systems capable of adaptive behavior and effective interaction between humans and robots, thus offering a thorough understanding of the diverse modalities essential for maximizing the potential of HRI.

人类和机器人之间的有效交互对于在协作过程中实现共享任务至关重要。机器人可以利用多种沟通渠道与人类互动，例如听觉、言语、视觉、触觉和学习。在人类与机器人之间的各种交互方式中，我们的重点是三个新兴前沿，它们对人机交互（HRI）的未来方向产生重大影响：（i）受人与人协作启发的人与机器人协作，（ii） ）脑机接口，以及（iii）情绪智能感知。首先，我们探索人机协作的先进技术，涵盖从合规性和基于性能的方法到基于协同和基于学习的策略的一系列方法，包括从演示中学习、主动学习和从复杂任务中学习。然后，我们研究脑机接口在增强 HRI 方面的创新用途，重点关注康复、沟通、大脑状态和情绪识别方面的应用。最后，我们研究机器人技术中的情商，重点是通过面部表情、身体姿势和眼球追踪将人类情感转化为机器人，以实现流畅、自然的交互。详细讨论了这些新兴领域的最新发展及其对人力资源投资的影响。我们重点介绍该领域的当代趋势和新兴进展。最终，本文强调了在开发能够适应行为以及人与机器人之间有效交互的系统时采用多模式方法的必要性，从而提供对最大限度地发挥 HRI 潜力所必需的各种模式的透彻理解。