In this study changes in the heatwave characteristics and associated population exposure for the five months (March–July) of the year is examined over India. The study considered 1.5 °C, 2 °C, and 3 °C global warming levels (GWL) and for two time periods, i.e., the near future (T1; 2021–2050) and the distant future (T2; 2071–2100) using the Coupled Model Intercomparison Phase 6 (CMIP6) framework. This study identifies the heatwave using the extreme heatwave factor (EHF). The findings demonstrate a significant rise in mean summer heatwave frequency, duration, and severity with increasing GWLs. With the increase in GWLs, most of the regions of India would face severe heatwave but the Himalayan, Coastal, and Northeast regions are the most vulnerable to heat waves and associated severity. The March (18-fold) and April (9-fold) months show the maximum increase in severity compared to the months of May, June, and July from the current world (1991–2020). The population exposure showed significant regional variations, with the Coastal and Northeast regions seeing the highest exposure for all SSPs and warming periods, and the Himalayan region experiencing the lowest exposure. Comparing the population under all SSP, climate change contributes more to total exposure. The total exposure increases 1.4–1.6 folds from 1.5 to 2 °C GWL under all SSPs over India.

在这项研究中，研究了印度一年中五个月（三月至七月）的热浪特征和相关人口暴露的变化。该研究考虑了1.5°C、2°C和3°C的全球变暖水平（GWL）和两个时间段，即近期（T1；2021-2050年）和遥远的未来（T2；2071-2100年）使用耦合模型比较第 6 阶段 (CMIP6) 框架。这项研究使用极端热浪因子（EHF）来识别热浪。研究结果表明，随着 GWL 的增加，夏季热浪的平均频率、持续时间和严重程度显着增加。随着GWL的增加，印度大部分地区将面临严重的热浪，但喜马拉雅山、沿海和东北部地区最容易受到热浪和相关严重程度的影响。与当前世界（1991-2020）的 5 月、6 月和 7 月相比，3 月（18 倍）和 4 月（9 倍）的严重程度增加最多。人口暴露情况显示出显着的区域差异，沿海和东北地区的所有 SSP 和变暖时期的暴露程度最高，而喜马拉雅地区的暴露程度最低。与所有 SSP 下的人口相比，气候变化对总暴露的影响更大。印度所有 SSP 下的总暴露量从 1.5 °C GWL 增加到 2 °C 1.6 倍。