Human speech production is strongly influenced by the auditory feedback it generates. Auditory feedback-what we hear when we speak-enables us to learn and maintain speaking skills and to rapidly correct errors in our speech. Over the last three decades, the real-time altered auditory feedback (AAF) paradigm has gained popularity as a tool to study auditory feedback control during speech production. This method involves changing a speaker’s speech and feeding it back to them in near real time. More than 50% of the world’s population speak tonal languages, in which the pitch or tone used to pronounce a word can change its meaning. This review article aims to offer an overview of the progression of AAF paradigm as a method to study pitch motor control among speakers of tonal languages. Eighteen studies were included in the current mini review and were compared based on their methodologies and results. Overall, findings from these studies provide evidence that tonal language speakers can compensate and adapt when receiving inconsistent and consistent pitch perturbations. Response magnitude and latency are influenced by a range of factors. Moreover, by combining AAF with brain stimulation and neuroimaging techniques, the neural basis of pitch motor control in tonal language speakers has been investigated. To sum up, AAF has been demonstrated to be an emerging tool for studying pitch motor control in speakers of tonal languages.

中文翻译：

---

使用改变的听觉反馈来研究音调语言说话者的音调补偿和适应

人类言语的产生受到其产生的听觉反馈的强烈影响。听觉反馈——我们说话时听到的声音——使我们能够学习和保持说话技巧，并快速纠正说话中的错误。在过去的三十年中，实时改变听觉反馈（AAF）范式作为研究语音生成过程中听觉反馈控制的工具而受到欢迎。这种方法涉及改变说话者的语音并将其近乎实时地反馈给他们。世界上超过 50% 的人口使用声调语言，在这种语言中，单词发音的音高或音调可以改变其含义。这篇综述文章旨在概述 AAF 范式的进展，作为研究声调语言使用者的音高运动控制的方法。当前的小型综述中纳入了 18 项研究，并根据其方法和结果进行了比较。总体而言，这些研究的结果提供了证据，表明声调语言使用者在收到不一致和一致的音高扰动时可以进行补偿和适应。响应幅度和延迟受到一系列因素的影响。此外，通过将 AAF 与脑刺激和神经影像技术相结合，研究了有声语言说话者音调运动控制的神经基础。综上所述，AAF 已被证明是研究声调语言使用者的音高运动控制的新兴工具。