Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a chronic abnormality of the Meibomian glands (MGs) that is recognized as the leading cause of evaporative dry eye worldwide. Despite its prevalence, however, the pathophysiology of MGD remains elusive, and effective disease management continues to be a challenge. In the past 50 years, different models have been developed to illustrate the pathophysiological nature of MGD and the underlying disease mechanisms. An understanding of these models is crucial if researchers are to select an appropriate model to address specific questions related to MGD and to develop new treatments. Here, we summarize the various models of MGD, discuss their applications and limitations, and provide perspectives for future studies in the field.

中文翻译：

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睑板腺功能障碍模型：体内和体外

睑板腺功能障碍（MGD）是睑板腺（MG）的慢性异常，被认为是全世界蒸发性干眼症的主要原因。然而，尽管 MGD 很普遍，但其病理生理学仍然难以捉摸，有效的疾病管理仍然是一个挑战。在过去的 50 年里，人们开发了不同的模型来说明 MGD 的病理生理学性质和潜在的疾病机制。如果研究人员要选择合适的模型来解决与 MGD 相关的特定问题并开发新的治疗方法，那么对这些模型的理解至关重要。在这里，我们总结了 MGD 的各种模型，讨论了它们的应用和局限性，并为该领域的未来研究提供了前景。