Understanding the movement of stored products insects is crucial to determine and predict their distribution in grain bins. The present work focuses on the determination of the diffusivity and bias movement velocity of (Stephens) adults by using published data from our previous studies. The published data were collected under different storage conditions: different temperature differences (0 to 20 °C) and different moisture differences (1.0, 2.5, 3.0, or 5.0 percentage points (pp)) using 1 or 2 m columns for 24, 48, or 72 h movement periods. A transport equation and finite different methods were used to calculate the diffusivity and bias movement velocity of the adults. Results showed that the adult diffusivity was directly proportional to temperature difference while inversely related to moisture difference, column length, and movement period. The effect of temperature or moisture differences on diffusivity and bias movement velocity were significantly different for their synergistic or/and antagonistic interactions. Diffusivity of 1.6 10 m/h was obtained for 5 pp moisture difference when high moisture wheat was placed at distance of 0.45 m on both sides of grain column. Similarly, for a 5 °C temperature difference, the diffusivity was 1.89 10 m/h during 24 h in 2 m column. The bias movement velocity decreased significantly in 2 m columns compared to 1 m columns under all temperature differences in any movement periods (24, 48, or 72 h) except 20 °C temperature difference and 72 h. The synergism among the temperature and moisture was greater than their antagonistic effects during conditions of 5 °C temperature difference and 5 pp moisture difference when wet wheat was placed at 0.25 or 0.45 m. Overall, the calculated diffusivity was 3 to 3.7 10 m/h in a heterogeneous environment. These findings are useful for three-dimensional modeling of insect movement, design and development of insect monitoring tools, and determination of sampling frequency and locations.

中文翻译：

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不同温湿度条件下铁红隐甲虫（鞘翅目：唇形科）成虫的扩散率和偏向运动速度

了解储粮昆虫的运动对于确定和预测它们在粮仓中的分布至关重要。目前的工作重点是通过使用我们之前研究中发表的数据来确定（斯蒂芬斯）成年人的扩散率和偏置运动速度。已发表的数据是在不同的储存条件下收集的：不同的温度差异（0 至 20 °C）和不同的湿度差异（1.0、2.5、3.0 或 5.0 个百分点 (pp)），使用 1 或 2 m 色谱柱进行 24、48、或 72 小时移动周期。使用传输方程和有限不同的方法来计算成虫的扩散率和偏向运动速度。结果表明，成虫扩散率与温差成正比，与水分差、柱长、运动周期成反比。温度或湿度差异对扩散率和偏置运动速度的影响因协同或/和拮抗相互作用而显着不同。当高水分小麦放置在粮柱两侧距离0.45 m时，对于5 pp的水分差，获得了1.6×10 m/h的扩散率。同样，对于 5 °C 温差，2 m 色谱柱中 24 小时内的扩散率为 1.89·10 m/h。与 1 m 柱相比，在除 20 °C 温差和 72 h 之外的任何运动周期（24、48 或 72 h）的所有温差下，2 m 柱的偏置运动速度均显着降低。湿小麦置于0.25或0.45 m处时，温差5 ℃、水分差5 pp条件下，温度和水分之间的协同作用大于其拮抗作用。总体而言，在异质环境中计算出的扩散率为 3 至 3.7 10 m/h。这些发现对于昆虫运动的三维建模、昆虫监测工具的设计和开发以及采样频率和位置的确定非常有用。