Bisphenol A (BPA) accumulates in the environment at lethal concentrations because of its high production rate and utilization. BPA, originating from industrial effluent, plastic production, and consumer products, poses serious risks to both the environment and human health. The widespread aggregation of BPA leads to endocrine disruption, reactive oxygen species-mediated DNA damage, epigenetic modifications and carcinogenicity, which can disturb the normal homeostasis of the body. The living being in a population is subjected to BPA exposure via air, water and food. Globally, urinary analysis reports have shown higher BPA concentrations in all age groups, with children being particularly susceptible due to its occurrence in items such as milk bottles. The conventional methods are costly with a low removal rate. Since there is no proper eco-friendly and cost-effective degradation of BPA reported so far. The phytoremediation, green-biotechnology based method which is a cost-effective and renewable resource can be used to sequestrate BPA. Phytoremediation is observed in numerous plant species with different mechanisms to remove harmful contaminants. Plants normally undergo several improvements in genetic and molecular levels to withstand stress and lower levels of toxicants. But such natural adaptation requires more time and also higher concentration of contaminants may disrupt the normal growth, survival and yield of the plants. Therefore, natural or synthetic amendments and genetic modifications can improve the xenobiotics removal rate by the plants. Also, constructed wetlands technique utilizes the plant’s phytoremediation mechanisms to remove industrial effluents and medical residues. In this review, we have discussed the limitations and futuristic advancement strategies for degrading BPA using phytoremediation-associated mechanisms.

中文翻译：

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内分泌干​​扰物双酚 A 植物修复的未来进展：朝着恢复环境的可持续污染物降解迈出了一步

双酚 A (BPA) 因其高生产率和利用率而在环境中积聚至致死浓度。 BPA 源自工业废水、塑料生产和消费品，对环境和人类健康构成严重风险。 BPA 的广泛聚集会导致内分泌干扰、活性氧介导的 DNA 损伤、表观遗传修饰和致癌性，从而扰乱身体的正常稳态。人群中的生物通过空气、水和食物接触 BPA。在全球范围内，尿液分析报告显示，所有年龄段的 BPA 浓度都较高，其中儿童尤其容易受到影响，因为它存在于奶瓶等物品中。传统方法成本高、去除率低。由于迄今为止还没有对 BPA 进行适当的环保且具有成本效益的降解的报道。基于植物修复、绿色生物技术的方法是一种经济有效的可再生资源，可用于封存 BPA。在许多植物物种中观察到植物修复具有不同的去除有害污染物的机制。植物通常会在遗传和分子水平上进行多次改进，以承受压力并降低有毒物质的水平。但这种自然适应需要更多的时间，而且较高浓度的污染物可能会破坏植物的正常生长、生存和产量。因此，天然或合成的改良和基因改造可以提高植物对外源物的去除率。此外，人工湿地技术利用工厂的植物修复机制来去除工业废水和医疗残留物。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了使用植物修复相关机制降解 BPA 的局限性和未来发展策略。