Metasurfaces can extend the optical properties of conventional materials by structuring surfaces at a subwavelength scale. These artificial subwavelength surfaces mimic the physics of conventional materials and can, in principle, be designed to provide novel optical material properties. Metal-insulator-metal (MIM) antenna metasurfaces are among the most widely used as ideal absorbers and emitters. In this work, we present MIM metasurfaces in the mid-infrared that comply in the electric and magnetic forms of Babinet’s, Lorentz’s, and Kirchhoff’s principles. To verify the validity of Babinet's, Lorentz's, and Kirchhoff's MIM metasurfaces, we computed their reflection and absorption spectra as well as electric and magnetic field maps. We found that even in the presence of graphene on top of the electric and magnetic MIM metasurfaces, these principles still hold qualitatively. However, the excitation of gap surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) and graphene SPPs fails to comply quantitatively. Additionally, we fabricated the MIM metasurfaces and used imaging Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in the mid infrared spectrum to validate them. Finally, we explore the potentials and limits of the use of graphene as tunability material, with a tunability bandwidth up to 0.6 µm. Our findings can be applied to the development of electric and magnetic frequency selectivity metasurfaces, polarizers, coherent thermal sources, and detectors.

中文翻译：

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基于巴比内、洛伦兹和基尔霍夫原理的中红外电磁金属-绝缘体-金属超表面

超表面可以通过在亚波长尺度构建表面来扩展传统材料的光学特性。这些人造亚波长表面模仿传统材料的物理特性，原则上可以设计成提供新颖的光学材料特性。金属-绝缘体-金属（MIM）天线超表面是最广泛使用的理想吸收器和发射器之一。在这项工作中，我们提出了中红外 MIM 超表面，其符合巴比内、洛伦兹和基尔霍夫原理的电磁形式。为了验证 Babinet、Lorentz 和 Kirchhoff 的 MIM 超表面的有效性，我们计算了它们的反射和吸收光谱以及电场和磁场图。我们发现，即使在电磁 MIM 超表面上存在石墨烯，这些原理在质量上仍然成立。然而，间隙表面等离子体激元（SPP）和石墨烯SPP的激发未能定量地符合。此外，我们制造了 MIM 超表面，并使用中红外光谱中的成像傅里叶变换红外光谱来验证它们。最后，我们探讨了使用石墨烯作为可调谐材料的潜力和局限性，其可调谐带宽高达 0.6 µm。我们的研究结果可应用于电和磁频率选择性超表面、偏振器、相干热源和探测器的开发。