Non-cultivated habitats are indispensable ecological spaces within agricultural landscapes that support biodiversity and associated ecosystem services on farmland, thereby contributing to sustainable agriculture. The abundance of taxonomic groups within these habitats serves as a reliable indicator of the diversity levels in epigaeic macroarthropod communities, while the functional groups offer insights into the trophic dynamics of macroarthropods. In recent decades, the impact of non-cultivated habitats on biodiversity within agricultural contexts has received increasing attention. However, few studies have focused on the pathways and factors that influence epigaeic macroarthropod assemblages in different non-cultivated habitats. In this study, Changtu County, a typical agricultural county in the Northeastern Black Soil Region of China, was selected as the study area. The functional and taxonomic groups of epigaeic macroarthropod abundance in different non-cultivated habitats were compared. The structural equation model (SEM) was used to evaluate the direct and indirect effects of non-cultivated habitat type, soil nutrients and vegetation structure reflecting major differences in non-cultivated habitat types on epigaeic macroarthropod assemblages. Our results showed that: (1) linear semi-natural non-cultivated habitats around fields can effectively enhance landscape connectivity. Among these habitats, woodlands (WL), grasslands (GL), and ditches (CD) with high herbaceous vegetation density are usually more favorable for biodiversity conservation in agricultural ecosystems. (2) While dirt roads (DR) and paved roads (PR) may affect the mobility and foraging ability of epigaeic macroarthropods, improving herbaceous vegetation structures along road margins (e.g., planting flowering plants, establishing vegetation buffer zones) can effectively enhance field biodiversity. (3) The characteristics of herbaceous vegetation community are the most important factors affecting the functional and taxonomic groups of epigaeic macroarthropods in different non-cultivated habitats, especially the herbaceous vegetation height (PAH) and species abundance (PAB). In addition, for epigaeic macroarthropods taxonomic groups, non-cultivated habitats affect them not only directly through herbaceous vegetation, but also indirectly through soil organic carbon (SOC). Our results emphasize that in the planning of agricultural landscapes, it is feasible to achieve a harmonious synergy between ecosystem stability and agricultural production through strategic allocation and alteration of herbaceous vegetation structure and soil conditions in different types of non-cultivated habitats.

中文翻译：

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线性非开垦生境对表层大型节肢动物群落的直接和间接影响

非开垦生境是农业景观中不可或缺的生态空间，支持农田上的生物多样性和相关生态系统服务，从而促进可持续农业。这些栖息地内丰富的分类群可以作为表层大型节肢动物群落多样性水平的可靠指标，而功能群则可以深入了解大型节肢动物的营养动态。近几十年来，非耕地生境对农业环境中生物多样性的影响日益受到关注。然而，很少有研究关注不同非栽培生境中影响表层大型节肢动物群落的途径和因素。本研究选取东北黑土区典型农业县昌图县作为研究区。比较了不同非栽培生境中表层大型节肢动物丰度的功能和分类群。采用结构方程模型（SEM）评估非耕地类型、土壤养分和植被结构的直接和间接影响，反映非耕地类型对表层大型节肢动物群落的主要差异。我们的研究结果表明：（1）田地周围的线性半自然非栽培生境可以有效增强景观连通性。在这些生境中，草本植被密度较高的林地（WL）、草原（GL）和沟渠（CD）通常更有利于农业生态系统的生物多样性保护。 （2）虽然土路（DR）和柏油路（PR）可能会影响表层大型节肢动物的活动性和觅食能力，但改善路缘草本植被结构（如种植开花植物、建立植被缓冲区）可以有效增强田间生物多样性。 (3)草本植被群落特征是影响不同非栽培生境表层大型节肢动物功能和分类类群的最重要因素，特别是草本植被高度(PAH)和物种丰度(PAB)。此外，对于表层大型节肢动物分类群来说，非耕地栖息地不仅通过草本植被直接影响它们，而且还通过土壤有机碳（SOC）间接影响它们。我们的研究结果强调，在农业景观规划中，通过不同类型非耕地生境中草本植被结构和土壤条件的战略配置和改变，实现生态系统稳定性与农业生产之间的和谐协同是可行的。