Vitamin D deficiency is a common cardiovascular risk factor associated with the development of atherosclerosis. We evaluated changes in 25(OH)D concentrations in 1510 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) over a long observation period, including the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients were separated into four groups according to the year of enrolment, group 1 (2009–2010), group 2 (2014–2016), group 3 (2017–2019), and group 4 (2020–2022). The median 25(OH)D concentration in the overall cohort was 17.15 (10.3–24.7) ng/mL. The median plasma concentrations of 25(OH)D for groups 1, 2, 3, and 4 were 14.45 (7.73–22.58) ng/mL, 17.3 ng/mL (10.33–24.2), 18.95 (11.6–26.73) ng/mL and 19.05 (12.5–27.3) ng/mL, respectively. Although 25(OH)D levels increased over the years, the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency remained high in each group (68.4%, 61.4%, 53.8%, and 52% respectively). Hypovitaminosis D was predicted by the season influence (OR:2.03, p < 0.0001), higher body mass index (OR:1.25; p = 0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR:1.54; p = 0.001), smoking (OR:1.47; p = 0.001), older age (OR:1.07; p = 0.008), higher triglycerides levels (OR:1.02; p = 0.01), and female gender (OR:1.3; p = 0.038). After multivariable adjustment, vitamin D ≤ 20 ng/mL was an independent predictor of mortality. Vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent and persistent in patients with AMI despite a trend towards increasing 25(OH)D concentrations over the years. The frequent lockdowns did not reduce the levels of 25(OH)D in the fourth group. Low levels of 25(OH)D are an independent predictor of mortality.

中文翻译：

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意大利急性心肌梗死患者持续缺乏维生素 D

维生素 D 缺乏是与动脉粥样硬化发展相关的常见心血管危险因素。我们评估了 1510 名急性心肌梗死 (AMI) 患者在长期观察期内（包括 COVID-19 大流行期间）25(OH)D 浓度的变化。根据入组年份将患者分为四组：第1组（2009-2010年）、第2组（2014-2016年）、第3组（2017-2019年）和第4组（2020-2022年）。整个队列中 25(OH)D 浓度中位数为 17.15 (10.3–24.7) ng/mL。第 1、2、3 和 4 组 25(OH)D 的中位血浆浓度分别为 14.45 (7.73–22.58) ng/mL、17.3 ng/mL (10.33–24.2)、18.95 (11.6–26.73) ng/mL分别为 19.05 (12.5–27.3) ng/mL。尽管多年来 25(OH)D 水平有所增加，但各组维生素 D 缺乏的患病率仍然很高（分别为 68.4%、61.4%、53.8% 和 52%）。维生素 D 缺乏症的预测因素包括季节影响（OR：2.03，p < 0.0001）、较高的体重指数（OR：1.25；p = 0.001）、糖尿病（OR：1.54；p = 0.001）、吸烟（OR：1.47；p = 0.001）。 p = 0.001）、年龄较大（OR：1.07；p = 0.008）、甘油三酯水平较高（OR：1.02；p = 0.01）和女性（OR：1.3；p = 0.038）。经过多变量调整后，维生素 D ≤ 20 ng/mL 是死亡率的独立预测因子。尽管多年来 25(OH)D 浓度有增加的趋势，但维生素 D 缺乏在 AMI 患者中非常普遍且持续存在。频繁的封锁并没有降低第四组的 25(OH)D 水平。低水平的 25(OH)D 是死亡率的独立预测因子。