This cohort study investigated associations of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction–associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) with risk of increase in arterial stiffness (AS), measured as brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV). Participants who had health examinations between 2006 and 2019 were analyzed for fatty liver and increased baPWV using liver ultrasonography and automatic volume plethysmography device. Participants were classified based on presence of MAFLD or NAFLD and further divided into subgroups: no fatty liver disease (reference), NAFLD-only, MAFLD-only, and both NAFLD and MAFLD. Subgroups were additionally stratified by sex. Cox proportional hazard model was utilized to analyze the risk of developing baPWV ≥1400 cm/s in participants without baseline elevation of the baPWV. The NAFLD and MAFLD groups exhibited higher risks of increased baPWV (NAFLD: adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 1.35 [95% CI, 1.29–1.42]; MAFLD: aHR, 1.37 [95% CI, 1.31–1.43]) compared to group without the conditions. Incidence of NAFLD or MAFLD were higher in men than in women but aHR of developing the increase in AS was higher in women. In subgroup analysis, the MAFLD-only group presented the strongest associations with increase in AS (aHR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.43–1.64]), with the trend more pronounced in women than in men (Women, aHR, 1.63 [95% CI, 1.08–2.46]; Men, aHR 1.45 [95% CI, 1.35–1.56]). Both NAFLD and MAFLD are significantly associated with elevated AS. These associations tended to be stronger in MAFLD than in NAFLD, in women than in men.

中文翻译：

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MAFLD 和 NAFLD 对动脉僵硬度的影响：纵向队列研究

该队列研究调查了非酒精性脂肪性肝病 (NAFLD) 和代谢功能障碍相关脂肪性肝病 (MAFLD) 与动脉僵硬度 (AS) 增加风险之间的关系，动脉僵硬度 (AS) 以臂踝脉搏波速度 (baPWV) 测量。使用肝脏超声检查和自动容积体积描记装置对 2006 年至 2019 年间进行健康检查的参与者进行脂肪肝和 baPWV 增加的分析。根据是否存在 MAFLD 或 NAFLD 对参与者进行分类，并进一步分为亚组：无脂肪肝疾病（参考）、仅 NAFLD、仅 MAFLD、以及 NAFLD 和 MAFLD。亚组还按性别分层。利用 Cox 比例风险模型来分析 baPWV 基线未升高的参与者发生 baPWV ≥1400 cm/s 的风险。与对照组相比，NAFLD 和 MAFLD 组 baPWV 增加的风险较高（NAFLD：调整后风险比 (aHR)，1.35 [95% CI，1.29–1.42]；MAFLD：aHR，1.37 [95% CI，1.31–1.43]）没有条件。男性 NAFLD 或 MAFLD 的发病率高于女性，但女性发生 AS 增加的 aHR 较高。在亚组分析中，仅 MAFLD 组与 AS 增加的相关性最强（aHR，1.53 [95% CI，1.43–1.64]），女性的趋势比男性更明显（女性，aHR，1.63 [95] % CI，1.08–2.46]；男性，aHR 1.45 [95% CI，1.35–1.56]）。 NAFLD 和 MAFLD 均与 AS 升高显着相关。这些关联在 MAFLD 中比在 NAFLD 中更强，在女性中比在男性中更强。