In this paper, we investigate the dynamic characteristics of the sideways movements of pedestrians toward the left-hand side and right-hand side through a set of single-file experiments. We find that the velocities of pedestrians during sideways movement periodically fluctuate, and the corresponding spatiotemporal diagram of pedestrian movement exhibits a jagged pattern. In addition, by analyzing the fundamental diagrams, we find that the velocity and flow of the sideways movement toward the right-hand side are greater than the velocity and flow of the sideways movement toward the left-hand side at the same crowd density. By further exploring step frequency/step length-headway relations in rightward and leftward sideways movements, we find that the greater velocity observed in rightward sideways movement is primarily attributed to its higher step frequency. Finally, we systematically compare the dynamic characteristics of pedestrians when they move forward, backward, and sideways toward the left-hand side or right-hand side. Our comparison results indicate that among these four movement modes, the free speed and maximal flow rate of pedestrians in the sideways movement toward the left-hand side are the lowest. These findings provide new insights into pedestrian flow dynamics.

中文翻译：

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行人侧向运动的动态特性：基于单列实验的实验研究

在本文中，我们通过一组单列实验研究了行人向左侧和右侧侧向运动的动态特性。我们发现行人在侧向运动时的速度会周期性波动，相应的行人运动时空图呈现出锯齿状的图案。另外，通过分析基本图，我们发现在相同的人群密度下，向右侧移动的速度和流量大于向左侧移动的速度和流量。通过进一步探索向右和向左侧向运动中的步频/步长-车头时距关系，我们发现在向右侧向运动中观察到的较大速度主要归因于其较高的步频。最后，我们系统地比较了行人向前、向后、向左侧或右侧侧向移动时的动态特征。我们的比较结果表明，在这四种运动模式中，行人向左侧侧向运动的自由速度和最大流量最低。这些发现为人流动力学提供了新的见解。