Poling and structuring of ferroelectric domains form the basis for developing prospective applications using materials from the lithium-niobate (LN) family. Applications range from second harmonic generation to electro-optic modulators or surface acoustic wave devices. In the work presented here, hysteresis measurements are used as a standard method to quantitatively determine the poling properties of these ferroelectrics, including their spontaneous polarization P_s as well as their forward and reverse coercive fields E_c,+ and E_c,−. Systematic measurements that depend on parameters such as the ramp rate R of the applied poling voltage and the waiting time t_wait between domain inversions are investigated and compared between the congruent variants of LN, lithium tantalate (LT), their magnesium-doped analogues, and stoichiometric LN. For bulk magnesium-doped LN, for example, it is found that the resulting coercive field strongly depends on the speed of the voltage ramp, with values ranging from 11 to 21 kV mm⁻¹. These investigations are used as fundamental input for poling ferroelectric lithium niobate-tantalate solids (LNT), a system that offers a high potential for tuning the material parameters beyond what is possible for LN or LT.

中文翻译：

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铌酸锂-钽酸锂单晶家族的铁电磁滞测量：铌酸锂-钽酸锂的前景

铁电域的极化和结构化构成了使用铌酸锂 (LN) 系列材料开发潜在应用的基础。应用范围从二次谐波生成到电光调制器或表面声波器件。在这里介绍的工作中，磁滞测量被用作定量确定这些铁电体的极化特性的标准方法，包括它们的自发极化P _s以及它们的正向和反向矫顽场E _{c ,+}和E _{c ,−}。研究了取决于所施加极化电压的斜率R和畴反转之​​间的等待时间t _wait等参数的系统测量，并在 LN、钽酸锂 (LT)、它们的镁掺杂类似物和化学计量液氮。例如，对于块状镁掺杂 LN，我们发现所产生的矫顽场强烈依赖于电压斜坡的速度，其中值范围为11至21 kV mm ^-1。这些研究被用作极化铁电铌酸锂-钽酸盐固体 (LNT) 的基本输入，该系统为调整材料参数提供了超越 LN 或 LT 的巨大潜力。