Resurgence refers to the relapse of a target behavior following the worsening of a source of alternative reinforcement that was made available during response elimination. Most laboratory analyses of resurgence have used a combination of extinction and alternative reinforcement to reduce target behavior. In contingency‐management treatments for alcohol use disorder, however, alcohol use is not placed on extinction. Instead, participants voluntarily abstain from alcohol use to access nondrug alternative reinforcers. Inasmuch, additional laboratory research on resurgence following voluntary abstinence is warranted. The present experiment evaluated resurgence of rats' ethanol seeking following voluntary abstinence produced by differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). Lever pressing produced ethanol reinforcers during baseline phases. During DRO phases, lever pressing continued to produce ethanol and food reinforcers were delivered according to resetting DRO schedules. Ethanol and food reinforcers were suspended during resurgence test phases to evaluate resurgence following voluntary abstinence. Lever pressing was elevated during baseline phases and occurred at near‐zero rates during DRO phases. During the resurgence test phases, lever pressing increased, despite that it no longer produced ethanol. The procedure introduced here may help researchers better understand the variables that affect voluntary abstinence from ethanol seeking and resurgence following voluntary abstinence.

中文翻译：

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非药物差异强化其他行为导致自愿戒酒后，寻求乙醇的复兴

复苏是指在消除反应期间提供的替代强化来源恶化后目标行为的复发。大多数对复苏的实验室分析都结合使用灭绝和替代强化来减少目标行为。然而，在酒精使用障碍的应急管理治疗中，饮酒并没有被消灭。相反，参与者自愿戒酒以获得非药物替代强化剂。因此，有必要对自愿禁欲后的复发进行额外的实验室研究。本实验评估了大鼠因其他行为差异强化（DRO）自愿戒酒后对乙醇的渴求的复苏。在基线阶段按压杠杆会产生乙醇增强剂。在 DRO 阶段，压杆继续生产乙醇，并根据重置的 DRO 时间表提供食品强化剂。在复苏测试阶段暂停使用乙醇和食物强化剂，以评估自愿禁欲后的复苏情况。杠杆按压在基线阶段升高，在 DRO 阶段以接近零的速率发生。在复苏测试阶段，尽管不再产生乙醇，但杠杆压力增加。这里介绍的程序可以帮助研究人员更好地理解影响自愿戒断乙醇寻求和自愿戒断后重新流行的变量。