The challenge of controlling frequency deviation becomes more difficult as the complexity of a power network increases. The robustness of the controller has a major impact on the stability of a Modern Power system (MPS). Due to the hybridization of MPS basic AGC controllers (PID, FOPID, and TID) are insufficient to give optimal performance of a plant. This requires a robust controller. So, a novel MPC + PIDN controller has been proposed and evaluated by comparing it with several existing controllers, which gives optimal performance in terms of overshoot, undershoot, and settling time. A new modified Opposition‐based Sea‐horse Optimization (OSHO) method has been suggested to optimize the various controller settings. To demonstrate the OSHO's superiority, it is compared with a few popular, existing meta‐heuristic optimizations. The higher penetration levels of RESs reduced system inertia which further deteriorate frequency response in MPS. To overcome these challenges virtual inertia (VI) is implemented with MPC. VI is applied to improve the performance of the AGC of the interconnected MPS along with emphasizing the nature of intermittent renewable energy sources (RESs) of PV and wind energy. To determine the reliability and flexibility of the proposed controller, analysis has been done under a different situation, including step, random disturbances, and modified IEEE‐39 bus. Finally, the stability analysis is performed on a bode plot and the proposed results are compared with previously published literature. The extensive study demonstrates strong evidence that the suggested control approach is efficient and effective.

中文翻译：

---

利用MPC+PIDN控制器增强虚拟惯量多区域互联MPS的频率调节

随着电网复杂性的增加，控制频率偏差的挑战变得更加困难。控制器的鲁棒性对现代电力系统（MPS）的稳定性有重大影响。由于 MPS 基本 AGC 控制器（PID、FOPID 和 TID）的混合，不足以提供工厂的最佳性能。这需要一个强大的控制器。因此，我们提出了一种新型 MPC + PIDN 控制器，并通过与几种现有控制器进行比较进行了评估，该控制器在过冲、下冲和稳定时间方面提供了最佳性能。建议采用一种新的改进的基于反对派的海马优化（OSHO）方法来优化各种控制器设置。为了证明 OSHO 的优越性，我们将其与一些流行的现有元启发式优化进行了比较。 RES 的较高渗透水平降低了系统惯性，从而进一步恶化了 MPS 的频率响应。为了克服这些挑战，通过 MPC 实现了虚拟惯性 (VI)。 VI 用于提高互连 MPS 的 AGC 性能，同时强调光伏和风能间歇性可再生能源 (RES) 的性质。为了确定所提出的控制器的可靠性和灵活性，在不同的情况下进行了分析，包括阶跃、随机扰动和修改的 IEEE-39 总线。最后，在波特图上进行稳定性分析，并将所提出的结果与先前发表的文献进行比较。广泛的研究证明了强有力的证据表明所建议的控制方法是高效且有效的。