Abstract

The effect of the characteristic size of nanoparticles, nanofiber (nanowire), and thin films of the AmO₂, CmO₂, NpO₂, PaO₂, PuO₂, ThO₂, and UO₂ actinide dioxides on their band gap has been studied quantitatively by a nanothermodynamic method. The size effect is essential in the case of ThO₂ nanoparticles, nanofiber, and thin films and NpO₂, PuO₂, and CmO₂ nanoparticles and nanofiber even at a characteristic size of about 20 nm. The size effect is significant for AmO₂, PaO₂, and UO₂ nanoparticles if their diameter is about 7–8 nm. The maximum attainable band gap of nano-objects is shown to be twice the band gap of the corresponding bulk material. The band gap of nano-objects having the same characteristic size decreases in the sequence nanoparticles > (nanofiber) nanowire > thin films. It is shown that, using mixed actinide oxides and varying their stoichiometry, characteristic size, and morphology, one can control the band gap of nano-objects in a wide range of permissible values.

中文翻译：

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锕系纳米氧化物的特征尺寸和形貌对其带隙的影响

摘要

定量研究了AmO ₂、CmO ₂、NpO ₂、PaO ₂、PuO ₂、ThO ₂和 UO ₂锕系二氧化物的纳米颗粒、纳米纤维（纳米线）和薄膜的特征尺寸对其带隙的影响通过纳米热力学方法。在ThO ₂纳米颗粒、纳米纤维和薄膜以及NpO ₂、PuO ₂和CmO ₂纳米颗粒和纳米纤维的情况下，即使特征尺寸为约20nm，尺寸效应也是重要的。_{如果 AmO 2}、PaO ₂和 UO ₂纳米粒子的直径约为 7-8 nm，则尺寸效应显着。纳米物体可达到的最大带隙是相应块体材料带隙的两倍。具有相同特征尺寸的纳米物体的带隙按照纳米颗粒>（纳米纤维）纳米线>薄膜的顺序减小。结果表明，使用混合锕系氧化物并改变其化学计量、特征尺寸和形态，可以将纳米物体的带隙控制在较宽的允许值范围内。