The present research assists in resolving the issues allied with the disposal of industrial solid wastes/industrial by-products (IBPs) by developing sustainable IBPs based cement mortars. The applicability of IBPs as a feasible alternative to river sand in cement mortar has been evaluated by investigating the synergy among the ingredients, resulting engineering properties and microstructural developments at early and late curing ages. The study could effectively substitute 30% volume of river sand with bottom ash and 50% in the case of slag sand mortars. The experimental outcomes disclose that the practice of IBPs as fine aggregate enhances the engineering properties of mortar and the optimum replacement level lies at 10% and 40% usage of bottom ash and slag sand, respectively. The advanced characterization studies and particle packing density illustrate the refinement of pores by void filing action and accumulation of additional hydration products through secondary hydration reactions. The consumption of portlandite followed by increased hydration products formation observed through thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy that confirmed the contribution of finer fractions of IBPs to secondary hydration reactions. This constructive development was also observed from the lowering of wavenumber corresponding to Si–O–Si/Al vibration bands in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra. The improved microstructure resulted in enhancing the compressive strength by 9.01% and 18.18% in optimized bottom ash and slag sand mortars, respectively at the curing age of 120 days. Similarly, the water absorption reduced by 1.03% and 1.24% in bottom ash and slag sand mortars, respectively.

目前的研究通过开发可持续的基于 IBP 的水泥砂浆，有助于解决与工业固体废物/工业副产品 (IBP) 处置相关的问题。通过研究各成分之间的协同作用，评估了 IBP 作为水泥砂浆中河砂的可行替代品的适用性，从而评估了其在早期和后期固化阶段的工程性能和微观结构发展。该研究可以有效地用底灰替代30%体积的河砂，用矿渣砂浆替代50%体积的河砂。实验结果表明，IBPs作为细骨料的应用提高了砂浆的工程性能，最佳替代水平为底灰和矿渣砂的用量分别为10%和40%。先进的表征研究和颗粒堆积密度说明了通过二次水化反应通过空隙填充作用和额外水化产物的积累来细化孔隙。通过热重分析、X 射线衍射分析和能量色散 X 射线光谱观察到，随着硅钙石的消耗，水合产物的形成增加，这证实了 IBP 的更细部分对二次水合反应的贡献。这种建设性的发展也可以从傅里叶变换红外光谱中与 Si-O-Si/Al 振动带相对应的波数降低中观察到。改善的微观结构导致优化后的底灰和矿渣砂浆的抗压强度在 120 天的养护龄期中分别提高了 9.01% 和 18.18%。同样，底灰和矿渣砂浆的吸水率分别降低了1.03%和1.24%。