In low‐temperature environment, the residual water in the membrane electrode assembly (MEA) will freeze after the operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells, which will cause damage to the MEA. In this paper, the effect of freeze–thaw cycles on MEA was studied. Six sets of MEA samples with 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 times freeze–thaw cycles were set up, and the damage on MEAs is analyzed by polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectra, cyclic voltammetry curves, and scanning electron microscope. It was found that the freeze–thaw cycles caused degradation on MEA, and the ohmic resistance of MEA increases with the number of cycles increases before the 60 freeze–thaw cycles, and after 60 freeze–thaw cycles, a gap appeared between the proton exchange membrane (PEM) and the catalyst layer, which led to more water entering the PEM and the ohmic resistance of MEA decreased. Besides, according to the data analysis, the experimental samples are divided into three categories (normal MEA, lightly damaged MEA, and seriously damaged MEA). A classifier model combining inception network and light gradient boosting machine (LGBM) was established, and it was found that the combined model was better than inception–dense and LGBM for classification, reaching 96.89%.

中文翻译：

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冻融循环对质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极组件的影响及其故障诊断方法

在低温环境下，质子交换膜燃料电池运行后，膜电极组件（MEA）中残留的水会结冰，从而对MEA造成损坏。本文研究了冻融循环对 MEA 的影响。设置六组MEA样品，进行0、20、40、60、80和100次冻融循环，通过极化曲线、电化学阻抗谱、循环伏安曲线和扫描电镜分析MEA的损伤情况。结果发现，冻融循环引起了MEA的降解，在60次冻融循环之前，MEA的欧姆电阻随着循环次数的增加而增大，而在60次冻融循环后，质子交换之间出现了间隙。膜（PEM）和催化剂层，这导致更多的水进入PEM，MEA的欧姆电阻下降。此外，根据数据分析，将实验样品分为三类（正常MEA、轻度损伤MEA和严重损伤MEA）。建立了Inception网络和Light Gradient Boosting Machine（LGBM）相结合的分类器模型，发现组合模型的分类效果优于Inception-Dense和LGBM，达到96.89%。