Chirality, one of the most fundamental properties of natural molecules, plays a significant role in biochemical reactions. Nanomaterials with chiral characteristics have superior properties, such as catalytic properties, optoelectronic properties, and photothermal properties, which have significant potential for specific applications in nanomedicine. Biomolecular modifications such as nucleic acids, peptides, proteins, and polysaccharides are sources of chirality for nanomaterials with great potential for application in addition to intrinsic chirality, artificial macromolecules, and metals. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, as opposed to other dimensions, due to proper surface area, extensive modification sites, drug loading potential, and simplicity of preparation, are prepared and utilized in diagnostic applications, drug delivery research, and tumor therapy. Current advanced studies on 2D chiral nanomaterials for biomedicine are focused on novel chiral development, structural control, and materials sustainability applications. However, despite the advances in biomedical research, chiral 2D nanomaterials still confront challenges such as the difficulty of synthesis, quality control, batch preparation, chiral stability, and chiral recognition and selectivity. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the origins, synthesis, applications, and challenges of 2D chiral nanomaterials with biomolecules as cargo and chiral modifications and highlight their potential roles in biomedicine.

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生物分子修饰的二维手性纳米材料在生物医学中的潜在应用前景

手性是天然分子最基本的特性之一，在生化反应中发挥着重要作用。具有手性特征的纳米材料具有催化性能、光电性能和光热性能等优异性能，在纳米医学中具有巨大的特定应用潜力。核酸、肽、蛋白质和多糖等生物分子修饰是纳米材料的手性来源，除了固有手性、人造大分子和金属之外，具有巨大的应用潜力。与其他维度相比，二维 (2D) 纳米材料具有适当的表面积、广泛的修饰位点、载药潜力和制备简单性，可用于诊断应用、药物输送研究和肿瘤治疗。目前用于生物医学的二维手性纳米材料的高级研究主要集中在新型手性开发、结构控制和材料可持续性应用。然而，尽管生物医学研究取得了进展，手性二维纳米材料仍然面临合成难度、质量控制、批量制备、手性稳定性、手性识别和选择性等挑战。本综述旨在全面概述以生物分子为载体和手性修饰的二维手性纳米材料的起源、合成、应用和挑战，并强调其在生物医学中的潜在作用。