The realm of dye adsorption involving zirconia systems remains an untapped frontier, awaiting the unveiling of its complete prowess. The present work investigates the adsorption potentials of CaO-doped ZrO nanoparticles with varying doping of CaO (0, 7, 10, and 16 mol.%). With the highest adsorption capacity (of 760 mg/g) reported ever for any zirconia system, the 16 mol.% CaO-doped ZrO (16CaSZ) ultrafine nanoparticles portrayed fastest kinetics of dye (Congo red) removal. Along with effect of different pHs (in the presence of different anions such as Cl, NO, SO and the mixture of them), a simulated wastewater (comprising urea, different salts, dye, sand, grass, engine oil etc.) was made to examine the efficacy of our nano-adsorbent. The 16CaSZ nanoparticles depicted excellent adsorption (∼99 %) in simulated industrial effluent and duplicated the same performance for pHs ranging from 2 to 10. Multitude of factors (e.g., phase-pure cubicity, highest oxygen vacancy content, pronounced surface area etc.) were credited for this chemisorption-based (R-SO interactions, as revealed by the structural and spectroscopic investigations on the post-adsorption products) remarkable adsorption process.

中文翻译：

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CaO 掺杂氧化锆系统具有出色的染料吸附能力

涉及氧化锆系统的染料吸附领域仍然是一个未开发的前沿领域，等待其完整实力的揭晓。目前的工作研究了不同 CaO 掺杂（0、7、10 和 16 mol.%）的 CaO 掺杂 ZrO 纳米颗粒的吸附潜力。 16 mol.% CaO 掺杂的 ZrO (16CaSZ) 超细纳米颗粒具有迄今为止所有氧化锆系统中报道的最高吸附容量（760 mg/g），表现出最快的染料（刚果红）去除动力学。随着不同pH值的影响（在不同阴离子如Cl、NO、SO及其混合物的存在下），制备了模拟废水（包含尿素、不同盐类、染料、沙子、草、机油等）检查我们的纳米吸附剂的功效。 16CaSZ 纳米粒子在模拟工业废水中表现出出色的吸附性（约 99%），并且在 pH 值范围为 2 至 10 的情况下复制了相同的性能。多种因素（例如，相纯立方度、最高的氧空位含量、显着的表面积等）因这种基于化学吸附（R-SO相互作用，如吸附后产物的结构和光谱研究所揭示的）的显着吸附过程而受到赞誉。