In order to take into consideration the presence of technological heterogeneity in the aviation industry, numerous studies over the past ten years have embraced the data envelopment analysis (DEA)-based meta-frontier framework. Since group targets and meta targets are calculated independently to evaluate the technology gap in airlines, there is a possibility of obtaining unrealistic targets. Estimating the projected inputs and outputs of the evaluated units separately at both the group and meta-frontier does not automatically ensure superiority on the meta-frontier compared to the group frontier. Our proposed combined Nash bargaining model that integrates group technology and metatechnology presents a potential answer to the current unreasonable targets issue and gives more reliable outcomes. The results of the empirical application on a dataset of Alliance and Non-alliance airlines show that the proposed approach generates targets for inputs and outputs which are realistic and optimal, as well as a valid and reasonable technology gap. The finding thus validates the utilisation of our suggested model and it can be used by airline managers to improve the airline operational process.

中文翻译：

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如何为采用异构生产技术的航空公司制定投入和产出目标：元前沿框架内的纳什讨价还价DEA方法

为了考虑航空业中技术异质性的存在，过去十年的大量研究都采用了基于数据包络分析（DEA）的元前沿框架。由于团体目标和元目标是独立计算的，以评估航空公司的技术差距，因此有可能获得不切实际的目标。在群体和元前沿分别估计被评估单位的预计输入和输出并不能自动确保元前沿相对于群体前沿的优越性。我们提出的结合了群体技术和元技术的组合纳什讨价还价模型为当前不合理的目标问题提供了潜在的答案，并给出了更可靠的结果。对联盟和非联盟航空公司数据集的实证应用结果表明，所提出的方法生成了现实且最优的投入和产出目标，以及有效且合理的技术差距。因此，这一发现验证了我们建议的模型的利用率，航空公司经理可以使用它来改进航空公司的运营流程。