The objective of our work was to assess the impact of flight conditions by aircraft type on the workload estimated using NASA-Task Load Index (NASA-TLX). Learning about subjective workload is important for assessing the impact of a pilot's work environment on their performance in the cockpit. This is an important element of flight safety and includes the prevention of aviation accidents. The study included 146 military pilots that fly the following aircrafts: flying fast-jet (21), fixed-wing (24), and rotary-wing (101). The NASA-TLX questionnaire was used to assess workload and pilots were asked to determine the level of workload resulting from flying under the following conditions: daytime flight (VFR), night-vision flight performed under Night Visual Flight Rules (NVFR), and night-vision flight using night-vision goggles (NVGs). The highest level of workload was consistently attributed to flights performed under NVG conditions. NVFR conditions were rated as the most burdensome, while VFR conditions were rated as the least burdensome. Fast-jet pilots rated their mental performance and effort workload as significantly higher than pilots of other aircrafts. Pilots’ perceived workload is influenced by both flight conditions and the type of aircraft they fly. Workload knowledge is important for flight safety and should be taken into account during training and flight-task planning. The results of our study can be useful both in flight training and in work on the effectiveness of the human-machine interface. Awareness of one's own limitations due to the work environment can help improve flight safety.

中文翻译：

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视觉条件和飞机类型对飞行员工作负荷不同方面的作用

我们工作的目标是评估不同机型的飞行条件对使用 NASA 任务负载指数 (NASA-TLX) 估算的工作负载的影响。了解主观工作量对于评估飞行员工作环境对其驾驶舱表现的影响非常重要。这是飞行安全的重要组成部分，包括预防航空事故。该研究包括 146 名驾驶以下飞机的军事飞行员：驾驶快速喷气式飞机 (21)、固定翼飞机 (24) 和旋转翼飞机 (101)。 NASA-TLX 调查问卷用于评估工作量，要求飞行员确定在以下条件下飞行所产生的工作量水平：日间飞行 (VFR)、根据夜视飞行规则 (NVFR) 进行的夜视飞行以及夜间飞行-使用夜视镜（NVG）进行视觉飞行。最高水平的工作负载始终归因于在 NVG 条件下执行的飞行。 NVFR 条件被评为最繁重，而 VFR 条件被评为最不繁重。快速喷气机飞行员认为他们的心理表现和工作量明显高于其他飞机的飞行员。飞行员感知的工作量受到飞行条件和所驾驶飞机类型的影响。工作负载知识对于飞行安全很重要，在培训和飞行任务规划期间应予以考虑。我们的研究结果对于飞行训练和人机界面有效性的工作都有用。意识到工作环境造成的自身局限性有助于提高飞行安全。