Globally, the increasing share of renewables, prominently driven by intermittent sources such as solar and wind power, poses significant challenges to the reliability of current electrical infrastructures, leading to the adoption of extreme measures such as generation curtailment to preserve grid security. Within this framework, it is essential to develop energy storage systems that contribute to reinforce the flexibility and security of power grids while simultaneously reducing the share of generation curtailment. Therefore, this study investigates the performance of an integrated photovoltaic-hydrogen fuelled-compressed air energy storage system, whose configuration is specifically conceived to enable the connection of additional intermittent sources in already saturated grids. The yearly and seasonal performance of the integrated energy storage system, specifically designed to supply flexibility services, are evaluated for a scenario represented by a real grid with high-variable renewables penetration and frequent dispatchability issues. Results show that the integrated system, with performance-optimized components and a new energy management strategy, minimizes photovoltaic energy curtailment, otherwise around 50%, to as low as 4% per year, achieving system efficiencies of up to 62%, and reinforces the grid by supplying inertial power for up to 20% of nighttime hours. In conclusion, the integrated plant, operating with zero emissions, on-site hydrogen production, and optimized for non-dispatchable photovoltaic energy utilization, proves to be effective in integrating new variable renewable sources and reinforcing saturated grids, particularly during spring and summer.

中文翻译：

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氢燃料压缩空气储能系统，用于在高限电电网中增强灵活性和可变可再生能源集成

在全球范围内，主要由太阳能和风能等间歇性能源推动的可再生能源份额不断增加，对当前电力基础设施的可靠性构成了重大挑战，导致采取限电等极端措施来维护电网安全。在此框架内，开发有助于增强电网灵活性和安全性同时减少限电比例的储能系统至关重要。因此，本研究研究了集成光伏-氢燃料-压缩空气储能系统的性能，该系统的配置经过专门设计，可以在已经饱和的电网中连接额外的间歇性电源。专为提供灵活性服务而设计的集成能源存储系统的年度和季节性性能是针对具有高可变可再生能源渗透率和频繁调度问题的真实电网所代表的场景进行评估的。结果表明，该集成系统采用性能优化的组件和新的能源管理策略，可将每年约 50% 的光伏能源削减降至 4%，实现高达 62% 的系统效率，并增强了通过在夜间提供高达 20% 的惯性电力来连接电网。总之，该综合工厂以零排放、现场制氢和优化不可调度光伏能源利用的方式运行，被证明可以有效地整合新的可变可再生能源和加强饱和电网，特别是在春季和夏季。