In the present work, the fast production of C=N-based conjugated macrostructures from the bulk thermal polymerization of diaminomaleonitrile (DAMN) is discussed. These high-throughput syntheses showed air tolerance and were studied under different temperature regimes, from 160 to 200 °C, according to solid-state or melt polymerization (MP). This study displays not only the effect of temperature and exposure to air but also the gases evolved during the polymerization reactions. These volatiles were suitably analysed, providing relevant information about the elimination processes that take place during the course of these thermolytic reactions. The microstructure and physical properties of these black polymer materials obtained were determined by elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopies, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), electrochemistry measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The interpretation of all these data suggests that a two-dimensional (2-D) macrostructure based on N-heterocycles as diazines is predominant, regardless of the state of monomer aggregation during the course of the polycondensations. Interestingly, these 2-D polymeric systems present characteristic analogues with well-documented carbon nitrides (g-CN), with similar magnetic, electrochemical, optical and catalytic properties. Thus, DAMN polymers are proposed as alternative materials to relevant g-CN, as their synthetic process is easy, quick and highly efficient.

中文翻译：

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二氨基马来腈作为氮化碳替代层状 C=N 共轭聚合物的高通量前体

在目前的工作中，讨论了通过二氨基马来腈（DAMN）的本体热聚合快速生产C=N基共轭宏观结构。这些高通量合成显示出空气耐受性，并根据固态或熔融聚合 (MP) 在 160 至 200 °C 的不同温度范围下进行了研究。这项研究不仅显示了温度和暴露于空气的影响，还显示了聚合反应过程中释放的气体。对这些挥发物进行了适当的分析，提供了有关这些热解反应过程中发生的消除过程的相关信息。通过元素分析、傅里叶变换红外（FTIR）、核磁共振（NMR）和紫外-可见（UV-Vis）光谱、X射线衍射（XRD）、热重分析确定了这些黑色聚合物材料的微观结构和物理性能。 (TG)、电子顺磁共振 (EPR)、电化学测量和扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)。所有这些数据的解释表明，无论缩聚过程中单体聚集的状态如何，基于二嗪的 N-杂环的二维 (2-D) 宏观结构占主导地位。有趣的是，这些二维聚合物系统与有据可查的氮化碳（g-CN）具有相似的特征，具有相似的磁性、电化学、光学和催化特性。因此，DAMN聚合物被提议作为相关g-CN的替代材料，因为它们的合成过程简单、快速且高效。