Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has caused major epidemics in tomatoes ( L.) worldwide. Five genotypes have been identified: Peruvian (LP), European (EU), American (US1), Chilean (CH2), and Southern Peruvian (PES). The aim of this study was to determine the current distribution of PepMV in the main tomato-producing areas of Mexico, as well as to identify the predominant genotypes and their biological behavior in alternative hosts and indicator species. A total of 77 samples of tomato plants showing PepMV symptoms-like with leaf mottling, mosaic, and chlorosis symptoms, as well as marbled fruit, were analyzed by multiplex reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR). Sequencing data confirmed the identification of PepMV genotypes in 15 samples from six states. Six samples with single CH2 genotype infection, two with LP genotype, two with EU genotype, and five LP + CH2 co-infections were detected. Moreover, a high prevalence of ToBRFV was found, either in single infection or in co-infection with PepMV. Five PepMV sources (three CH2, one EU, and one with LP + CH2 co-infection) were used in the biological indexing. All isolates induced systemic infection in , , and . In tomato, CH2 isolates induced mild mosaics and chlorosis, whereas the EU isolate caused chlorotic mosaics typical of PepMV. In and , chlorosis, interveinal yellowing, and mosaics were observed. showed symptoms with all isolates, particularly with the CH2-MXM01 isolate, which caused necrotic lesions. Overall, PepMV is present in at least six states in Mexico, with the CH2 genotype and mixed LP + CH2 infection prevailing. US1 and PES genotypes were not detected. Interestingly, an EU isolate was characterized as an aggressive variant, causing mosaics and severe chlorosis.

中文翻译：

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墨西哥主要番茄产区的菠菜花叶病毒分离株的分子和生物学特征

菠菜花叶病毒 (PepMV) 已在全世界番茄 (L.) 中引起重大流行病。已鉴定出五种基因型：秘鲁基因型 (LP)、欧洲基因型 (EU)、美洲基因型 (US1)、智利基因型 (CH2) 和南秘鲁基因型 (PES)。本研究的目的是确定 PepMV 在墨西哥主要番茄产区的当前分布，并确定主要基因型及其在替代宿主和指示物种中的生物学行为。通过多重逆转录 PCR (RT-PCR) 分析了总共 77 个表现出 PepMV 症状（如叶斑、花叶和失绿症状）的番茄植株以及大理石果实样本。测序数据证实了来自 6 个州的 15 个样本中 PepMV 基因型的鉴定。检出6份CH2基因型单一感染样本、2份LP基因型样本、2份EU基因型样本、5份LP+CH2基因型双重感染样本。此外，无论是单一感染还是与 PepMV 合并感染，ToBRFV 的患病率都很高。生物索引中使用了五个 PepMV 来源（三个 CH2、一个 EU 和一个 LP + CH2 共感染）。所有分离株均引起 、 、 和 的全身感染。在番茄中，CH2 分离株引起轻度花叶病和褪绿，而 EU 分离株则引起 PepMV 典型的褪绿花叶病。在 和 中，观察到失绿、脉间变黄和马赛克。所有分离株均表现出症状，特别是 CH2-MXM01 分离株，它会引起坏死性病变。总体而言，PepMV 存在于墨西哥至少 6 个州，其中 CH2 基因型和 LP + CH2 混合感染盛行。未检测到 US1 和 PES 基因型。有趣的是，欧盟分离株被认为是一种攻击性变种，会导致马赛克和严重的萎黄病。