Lithium (Li) metal is considered as the `Holy Grail´ among various anodes due to its high theoretical specific capacity and low electrochemical potential. However, the Li anode undergoes uncontrollable dendrite growth and infinite volume expansion during cycling, seriously impeding the commercialization of high-energy-density Li metal batteries (LMBs). Considering the Li deposition is a dynamic electrochemical process, the external filed regulation has become a hotspot strategy to promote the cycling performance and safety application of Li metal anodes (LMA). Herein, we focus on the external fields involved during Li deposition, systematically summarizing the current progress of external field regulation for LMA. The mechanisms and limitations in regulating Li deposition are amply discussed. New perspectives and future research directions are also provided. With various external field being investigated and applied in Li metal anode system, it is expected that the dynamic regulation strategy can deliver great opportunities and promote the practical application of next-generation high-energy-density LMBs and other metal batteries.

中文翻译：

---

锂金属电池中锂沉积的外场调节

锂（Li）金属由于其高理论比容量和低电化学势而被认为是各种阳极中的“圣杯”。然而，锂负极在循环过程中会经历不可控的枝晶生长和无限的体积膨胀，严重阻碍了高能量密度锂金属电池（LMB）的商业化。考虑到锂沉积是一个动态的电化学过程，外部场调节已成为促进锂金属负极（LMA）循环性能和安全应用的热点策略。本文重点关注锂沉积过程中涉及的外场，系统总结了目前LMA外场调控的进展。详细讨论了调控锂沉积的机制和局限性。还提供了新的视角和未来的研究方向。随着各种外场在锂金属负极系统中的研究和应用，动态调节策略有望带来巨大的机遇，并促进下一代高能量密度LMB和其他金属电池的实际应用。