The fabrication of highly elastic, fatigue-resistant and conductive hydrogels with antibacterial properties is highly desirable in the field of wearable devices. However, it remains challenging to simultaneously realize the above properties within one hydrogel without compromising excellent sensing ability. Herein, we fabricated a highly elastic, fatigue-resistant, conductive, antibacterial and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) enhanced hydrogel as a sensitive strain sensor by the synergistic effect of biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles (BioSeNPs), MXene and nanocellulose. The structure and potential mechanism to generate biologically synthesized SeNPs (BioSeNPs) were systematically investigated, and the role of protease A (PrA) in enhancing the adsorption between proteins and SeNPs was demonstrated. Additionally, owing to the incorporation of BioSeNPs, CNC and MXene, the synthesized hydrogels showed high elasticity, excellent fatigue resistance and antibacterial properties. More importantly, the sensitivity of hydrogels determined by the gauge factor was as high as 6.24 when a high strain was applied (400–700 %). This study provides a new horizon to synthesize high-performance antibacterial and conductive hydrogels for soft electronics applications.

中文翻译：

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高弹性、抗疲劳、抗菌、导电、纳米纤维素增强水凝胶，负载硒纳米颗粒作为应变传感器

制造具有抗菌性能的高弹性、抗疲劳和导电水凝胶是可穿戴设备领域非常需要的。然而，在一种水凝胶中同时实现上述特性而不损害优异的传感能力仍然具有挑战性。在此，我们通过生物合成硒纳米颗粒（BioSeNPs）、MXene和纳米纤维素的协同作用，制备了一种高弹性、抗疲劳、导电、抗菌和纤维素纳米晶体（CNC）增强的水凝胶作为敏感应变传感器。系统研究了生物合成 SeNPs (BioSeNPs) 的结构和潜在机制，并证明了蛋白酶 A (PrA) 在增强蛋白质和 SeNPs 之间吸附方面的作用。此外，由于BioSeNPs、CNC和MXene的加入，合成的水凝胶表现出高弹性、优异的抗疲劳性和抗菌性能。更重要的是，当施加高应变（400-700%）时，由应变系数确定的水凝胶的灵敏度高达 6.24。这项研究为合成用于软电子应用的高性能抗菌和导电水凝胶提供了新的视野。