As the limitations of cancer immunotherapy become increasingly apparent, there is considerable anticipation regarding the utilization of biological tools to enhance treatment efficacy, particularly bacteria and their derivatives. Leveraging advances in genetic and synthetic biology technologies, engineered bacteria now play important roles far beyond those of conventional immunoregulatory agents, and they could function as tumor-targeting vehicles and in situ pharmaceutical factories. In recent years, these engineered bacteria play a role in almost every aspect of immunotherapy. It is nothing short of impressive to keep seeing different strain of bacteria modified in diverse ways for unique immunological enhancement. In this review, we have scrutinized the intricate interplay between the immune system and these engineered bacteria. These interactions generate strategies that can directly or indirectly optimize immunotherapy and even modulate the effects of combination therapies. Collectively, these engineered bacteria present a promising novel therapeutic strategy that promises to change the current landscape of immunotherapy.

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工程菌在肿瘤免疫治疗中的应用

随着癌症免疫疗法的局限性变得越来越明显，人们对利用生物工具（特别是细菌及其衍生物）来增强治疗效果充满期待。利用遗传和合成生物学技术的进步，工程细菌现在发挥着远远超出传统免疫调节剂的重要作用，它们可以作为肿瘤靶向载体和原位制药工厂。近年来，这些工程菌几乎在免疫治疗的各个方面发挥着作用。不断看到不同的细菌菌株以不同的方式进行改造以实现独特的免疫增强，这真是令人印象深刻。在这篇综述中，我们仔细研究了免疫系统和这些工程细菌之间复杂的相互作用。这些相互作用产生的策略可以直接或间接优化免疫疗法，甚至调节联合疗法的效果。总的来说，这些工程细菌提出了一种有前途的新型治疗策略，有望改变当前免疫疗法的格局。