Neighborhood and built environment encompass one key area of the Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) and is frequently assessed using area-level indices. We sought to systematically review the pediatric surgery literature for use of commonly applied area-level indices and to compare their utility for prediction of outcomes. A literature search was conducted using PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print, PsycInfo, and an artificial intelligence search tool (1/2013–2/2023). Inclusion required pediatric surgical patients in the US, surgical intervention performed, and use of an area-level metric. Extraction domains included study, patient, and procedure characteristics. Area Deprivation Index is the most consistent and commonly accepted index. It is also the most granular, as it uses Census Block Groups. Child Opportunity Index is less granular (Census Tract), but incorporates pediatric-specific predictors of risk. Results with Social Vulnerability Index, Neighborhood Deprivation Index, and Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status were less consistent. All studies were retrospective and quality varied from good to fair. While each index has strengths and limitations, standardization on ideal metric(s) for the pediatric surgical population will help build the inferential power needed to move from understanding the role of SDOH to building meaningful interventions towards equity in care. Systematic Review. Level III.

中文翻译：

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评估社区和建筑环境对儿科围手术期护理的影响：文献的系统回顾

社区和建筑环境涵盖健康社会决定因素 (SDOH) 的一个关键领域，并且经常使用区域级指数进行评估。我们试图系统地回顾小儿外科文献中常用的区域级指数的使用，并比较它们对结果预测的效用。使用 PubMed、Ovid MEDLINE、Ovid MEDLINE Epub Ahead of Print、PsycInfo 和人工智能搜索工具进行文献检索 (1/2013–2/2023)。纳入需要美国的儿科手术患者、进行的手术干预以及使用区域级指标。提取领域包括研究、患者和手术特征。面积剥夺指数是最一致和最普遍接受的指数。它也是最细粒度的，因为它使用人口普查块组。儿童机会指数不太精细（人口普查），但包含了儿科特定的风险预测因素。社会脆弱性指数、邻里剥夺指数和邻里社会经济状况的结果不太一致。所有研究都是回顾性的，质量从良好到一般不等。虽然每个指数都有优点和局限性，但儿科手术人群理想指标的标准化将有助于建立从理解 SDOH 的作用到建立有意义的干预措施以实现护理公平所需的推理能力。系统审查。三级。