The aim was to assess the impact of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic on the prevalence, relative incidence (RI), incidence density (ID), ratio of rate incidence (RRI), rate of incidence density (RID), and relative risks (RR) of healthcare-onset infection (HO-CDI) as well as its correlation with the antibiotic consumption. Demographic and analytical data of adult patients exhibiting diarrhoea and testing positive for were systematically collected from a tertiary care hospital in Madrid (Spain). The periods analysed included: prepandemic (P0), first pandemic-year (P1), and second pandemic-year (P2). We compared global prevalence, RI of HO-CDI per 1,000-admissions, ID of HO-CDI per 10,000-patients-days, RRI, RID, and RR. Antibiotic consumption was obtained by number of defined daily dose per 100 patient-days. In P0, the prevalence of HO-CDI was 7.4% (IC95%: 6.2–8.7); in P1, it increased to 8.7% (IC95%: 7.4–10.1) ( = 0.2), and in P2, it continued to increase to 9.2% (IC95%: 8–10.6) ( < 0.05). During P1, the RRI was 1.5 and RID was 1.4. However, during P2 there was an increase in RRI to 1.6 and RID to 1.6. The RR also reflected the increase in HO-CDI: at P1, the probability of developing HO-CDI was 1.5 times (IC95%: 1.2–1.9) higher than P0, while at P2, this probability increased to 1.6 times (IC95%: 1.3–2.1). There was an increase in prevalence, RI, ID, RR, RRI, and RID during the two postpandemic periods respect to the prepandemic period. During P2, this increase was greater than the P1. Meropenem showed a statistically significant difference increased consumption ( < 0.05) during the pandemic period. Oral vancomycin HO-CDI treatment showed an increase during the period of study ( > 0.05). Implementation of infection control measures during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic did not appear to alleviate the burden of HO-CDI. The escalation in HO-CDI cases did not exhibit a correlation with overall antibiotic consumption, except for meropenem.

中文翻译：

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自 SARS-CoV-2 大流行以来，成年人中因医疗保健而发病的艰难梭菌感染增加：2019 年至 2022 年在三级医院进行的一项回顾性队列研究

目的是评估 SARS-CoV-2 大流行对患病率、相对发病率 (RI)、发病密度 (ID)、发病率比 (RRI)、发病率密度 (RID) 和相对风险的影响医疗保健发病感染（HO-CDI）的（RR）及其与抗生素消耗的相关性。从马德里（西班牙）的一家三级护理医院系统地收集了表现出腹泻且检测呈阳性的成年患者的人口统计和分析数据。分析的时期包括：大流行前（P0）、第一大流行年（P1）和第二大流行年（P2）。我们比较了全球患病率、每 1,000 名入院患者的 HO-CDI RI、每 10,000 名患者日的 HO-CDI ID、RRI、RID 和 RR。抗生素消耗量通过每 100 个患者日的规定每日剂量数获得。 P0时，HO-CDI的患病率为7.4%（IC95%：6.2-8.7）；在P1中，它增加到8.7％（IC95％：7.4-10.1）（= 0.2），在P2中，它继续增加到9.2％（IC95％：8-10.6）（<0.05）。 P1 期间，RRI 为 1.5，RID 为 1.4。然而，在 P2 期间，RRI 增加至 1.6，RID 增加至 1.6。 RR 还反映了 HO-CDI 的增加：在 P1 时，发生 HO-CDI 的概率比 P0 高 1.5 倍（IC95%：1.2–1.9），而在 P2 时，该概率增加至 1.6 倍（IC95%：1.2-1.9）。 1.3–2.1）。与大流行前相比，大流行后两个时期的患病率、RI、ID、RR、RRI 和 RID 有所增加。在 P2 期间，这种增加大于 P1。在大流行期间，美罗培南的消费量增加了统计上的显着差异（<0.05）。口服万古霉素 HO-CDI 治疗在研究期间显示出增加 (> 0.05)。 SARS-CoV-2 大流行期间实施感染控制措施似乎并未减轻 HO-CDI 的负担。除美罗培南外，HO-CDI 病例的增加与总体抗生素消耗量没有相关性。