Pathophysiological theories assume importance of metabolic abnormalities in patients with major depression - and possibly chronic tinnitus. Although chronic tinnitus frequently correlates with depression, links between high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and depression are uninvestigated. Two-hundred patients with chronic tinnitus ( = 55; 51% female) were examined. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), HDL, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), non-HDL, as well as LDL/HDL and TC/HDL ratios were analysed. Questionnaires included depression subscales of the ICD-10 Symptom Rating, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS_D), and the Berlin Mood Questionnaire (BSF). Multivariate analyses of covariance and linear regression models - which controlled age, tinnitus-related distress and perceived stress - investigated between-subgroup differences ( < 0.05) and linear associations between HDL indices and depression ( < 0.01). HDL levels did not differ for tinnitus-symptom durations, smoking and alcohol use levels, statin or antihypertensive drug use, and body-mass indices. Relative to non-to-mildly depressed patients with chronic tinnitus, patients with moderate-to-severe depression ( = 45; 23%) had significantly lower HDL levels ( = −0.35) and higher LDL/HDL ( = 0.39) and TC/HDL ratios ( = 0.40). Across participants, HDL-levels were negatively associated with depression as measured by the HADS_D and BSF_indifference scales. In keeping with general depression research, low serum HDL levels correlate with depressive symptomatology in patients with chronic tinnitus. This association may be influenced by proximal (e.g. modulations of HPA-axis activity) or distal factors (e.g. maladaptive coping behaviours) – both of which should be conceptualized within psychological stimulus-processing frameworks.

中文翻译：

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慢性耳鸣患者的血脂参数与抑郁：横断面观察

病理生理学理论认为代谢异常对于重度抑郁症患者以及可能的慢性耳鸣患者很重要。尽管慢性耳鸣经常与抑郁症相关，但高密度脂蛋白 (HDL) 与抑郁症之间的联系尚未得到研究。对 200 名慢性耳鸣患者（= 55；51% 女性）进行了检查。分析总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、HDL、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL）、非HDL以及LDL/HDL和TC/HDL比率的血清水平。问卷包括 ICD-10 症状评级的抑郁分量表、医院焦虑和抑郁量表 (HADS_D) 以及柏林情绪问卷 (BSF)。协方差和线性回归模型的多变量分析（控制年龄、耳鸣相关的痛苦和感知压力）调查了亚组间差异（<0.05）以及HDL指数与抑郁症之间的线性关联（<0.01）。 HDL 水平在耳鸣症状持续时间、吸烟和饮酒水平、他汀类药物或抗高血压药物的使用以及体重指数方面没有差异。相对于患有慢性耳鸣的非轻度抑郁症患者，中度至重度抑郁症患者 (= 45; 23%) 的 HDL 水平显着较低 (= -0.35)，而 LDL/HDL (= 0.39) 和 TC/ HDL 比率 (= 0.40)。根据 HADS_D 和 BSF_indifference 量表测量，参与者的 HDL 水平与抑郁呈负相关。与一般抑郁症研究一致，低血清高密度脂蛋白水平与慢性耳鸣患者的抑郁症状相关。这种关联可能受到近端因素（例如 HPA 轴活动的调节）或远端因素（例如适应不良的应对行为）的影响——这两者都应该在心理刺激处理框架内概念化。