To characterize the inhomogeneous field distributions and their effect on ferroelectric/ferroelastic domain switching in potassium sodium niobate-based piezoceramics, a partially electroded orthorhombic phase KNaNbO ceramic sample containing a distinct edge was investigated using micro-beam, high-energy XRD with applied fields. Under the field application, the partial-electrode sample exhibits orientation-dependent and position-sensitive domain switching. The experimental measurements of micro-scale domain texture correlate reasonably with simulated electric fields calculated from a finite element analysis. Both experimental and simulated results reveal that the domain switching is induced inhomogeneously up to the millimeter-scale across the sample and that the electric field is significantly concentrated near the electrode edge. Integrating the experimental results with the model demonstrates that the local electric field directions and amplitudes drive the local orientation dependence of domain switching and, conversely, the direction of the local electric field can be inferred from the direction in which the maximum domain switching is measured.

中文翻译：

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正交晶系 K0.5Na0.5NbO3 压电陶瓷中电极边缘附近的非均匀域切换

为了表征铌酸钾钠基压电陶瓷中的不均匀场分布及其对铁电/铁弹性畴转换的影响，使用微束、高能 XRD 和外加场研究了包含明显边缘的部分电极正交相 KNaNbO 陶瓷样品。在现场应用下，部分电极样品表现出方向依赖性和位置敏感的域切换。微尺度域纹理的实验测量与有限元分析计算的模拟电场合理相关。实验和模拟结果均表明，整个样品中的域切换在毫米级范围内不均匀地引起，并且电场明显集中在电极边缘附近。将实验结果与模型相结合表明，局部电场方向和幅度驱动域切换的局部方向依赖性，相反，可以从测量最大域切换的方向推断局部电场的方向。