Zirconium oxide-coated Ni nanocapsules (Ni@ZrO NCs) were in-situ fabricated by DC arc plasma in a nitrogen atmosphere. The co-evaporation of a target mixture consisting of coarse ZrO and Ni powders resulted in the formation of Ni@ZrO core-shell nanocomposites (NCs). The high energy states of excited ions (Ni, Zr, O, N, etc.) within the arc plasma region were recorded in real time by online optical emission spectroscopy (OES), which becomes visible evidences of the energy conditions for the fabrication of Ni@ZrO NCs. These nanocapsules underwent preferential formation of zirconium oxide species based on the oxygen potential rule, followed by the nucleation and subsequent growth processes. The Ni@ZrO NCs exhibited improved oxidation resistance, with an onset temperature for sintering approximately 40 °C higher than that of pristine Ni nanoparticles (NPs). Additionally, these NCs displayed an appropriate shrinkage rate, with a volume change of about 7.1% at 1200 °C. The symbiotic relationship between the ZrO shell and the Ni core within each nanoparticle suggests enhanced interfacial stability, rendering these NCs a promising material for the advancement of multi-layer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs).

中文翻译：

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直流电弧等离子体原位制备MLCC内电极用Ni@ZrO2纳米胶囊粉末

氧化锆涂层镍纳米胶囊（Ni@ZrO NCs）是在氮气气氛中通过直流电弧等离子体原位制备的。由粗 ZrO 和 Ni 粉末组成的目标混合物的共蒸发导致 Ni@ZrO 核壳纳米复合材料 (NC) 的形成。通过在线光学发射光谱（OES）实时记录电弧等离子体区域内激发离子（Ni、Zr、O、N等）的高能态，这成为制造电弧等离子体的能量条件的可见证据。 Ni@ZrO NC。这些纳米胶囊根据氧势规则优先形成氧化锆物质，然后进行成核和随后的生长过程。 Ni@ZrO NCs 表现出更好的抗氧化性，其烧结起始温度比原始 Ni 纳米颗粒 (NPs) 高约 40 °C。此外，这些 NC 显示出适当的收缩率，在 1200 °C 时体积变化约为 7.1%。每个纳米粒子内的 ZrO 壳和 Ni 核之间的共生关系表明界面稳定性增强，使这些 NC 成为发展多层陶瓷电容器 (MLCC) 的有前途的材料。