Since the Clean Air Act amendments of 1970, various efforts have been made in the United States to control ambient particulate matter and improve air quality. Although substantial progress had been made by the end of the 1990s, further reductions were needed to meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standards. To assess the effectiveness of the regulations and the impacts of economic drivers, we investigated the PM source trends at 11 sites in New York and New Jersey for the 2010–2019 period. Dispersion-normalized positive matrix factorization (DN-PMF) was used to reduce the meteorological impacts on the source apportionment. The Theil-Sen nonparametric estimator and piecewise linear regression were applied to the resolved source contributions to quantify the trends. While there is a consistent overall decrease of PM at all sites, increases were observed for some specific PM sources. Secondary Sulfate increased after 2017 at most sites based on the piecewise analysis. Similarly, recent-year increases were resolved for Diesel concentrations likely due to increasing vehicle miles traveled for heavy-duty vehicles. Back trajectory analysis of the OP-Rich source identified southeastern U.S. as a likely major source area, while Biomass Burning has a mixed source from local domestic heating as well as transported from proscribed and wildfires in the southeastern U.S.

中文翻译：

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通过离散标准化 PMF 识别纽约和新泽西州 2010 年至 2019 年特定源 PM2.5 的变化

自1970年《清洁空气法》修正案以来，美国为控制环境颗粒物、改善空气质量做出了各种努力。尽管到 20 世纪 90 年代末已经取得了实质性进展，但仍需要进一步减排才能满足国家环境空气质量标准。为了评估法规的有效性和经济驱动因素的影响，我们调查了 2010 年至 2019 年期间纽约和新泽西州 11 个地点的 PM 来源趋势。使用色散归一化正矩阵分解（DN-PMF）来减少气象对源解析的影响。 Theil-Sen 非参数估计器和分段线性回归应用于已解析的源贡献以量化趋势。尽管所有地点的 PM 总量均持续下降，但某些特定 PM 来源却出现了增加。根据分段分析，2017 年之后大多数地点的次硫酸盐有所增加。同样，近年来柴油浓度的增加也得到了解决，这可能是由于重型车辆行驶里程的增加所致。对 OP-Rich 来源的回溯轨迹分析确定美国东南部可能是主要来源地区，而生物质燃烧的混合来源来自当地家庭供暖以及从美国东南部的禁运和野火运输