Background: Altered lipid metabolism in cancer is associated to dissemination and prognosis. Bioactive compounds naturally occurring in Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow) have been reported to exert antitumour activities. Food biotechnology may provide on-demand mixtures of bioactive compounds with complementary activities in cancer treatment.Methods: Supercritical-antisolvent-precipitation (SAS) has been applied to fractionate the bioactive compounds from an Ultrasound-Assisted-Extraction yarrow extract resulting in two extracts with distinct polarity, yarrow-precipitate-(PP) and yarrow-separator-(Sep). Total phenolic content and relevant essential oils have been characterized. Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities have been compared. Moreover, the effect on the inhibition of colorectal cancer cells’ bioenergetics has been evaluated.Results: Yarrow-PP exerted the highest antioxidant activity, even higher than the complete UAE-yarrow extract, meanwhile yarrow-Sep showed the highest anti-inflammatory activity, even higher than the complete UAE-yarrow extract. Interestingly, yarrow-Sep inhibited key lipid metabolic targets in CRC cells extensively shown to be implicated in cancer dissemination and prognosis —SREBF1, FASN, ABCA1 and HMGCR— and epithelial to mesenchymal targets—CDH1, ATP1B1, CDH2 and Vimentin—augmenting cell adhesion.Conclusions: In summary, SAS technology has been applied to provide a novel combination of bioactive compounds, yarrow-Sep, which merits further research to be proposed as a potential complementary nutraceutical in the treatment of CRC.

中文翻译：

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通过超临界反溶剂辅助技术获得的西洋蓍草新型生物活性提取物抑制结直肠癌的脂质代谢

背景：癌症中脂质代谢的改变与扩散和预后相关。天然存在的生物活性化合物蓍草据报道，L.（西洋蓍草）具有抗肿瘤活性。食品生物技术可以按需提供在癌症治疗中具有互补活性的生物活性化合物的混合物。方法：应用超临界反溶剂沉淀 (SAS) 从超声波辅助萃取西洋蓍草提取物中分馏生物活性化合物，从而产生两种提取物：不同的极性，西洋蓍草沉淀-(PP) 和西洋蓍草分离-(Sep)。总酚含量和相关精油已被表征。比较了抗氧化、抗炎和抗增殖活性。此外，还评估了其抑制结直肠癌细胞生物能量的效果。结果：西洋蓍草-PP表现出最高的抗氧化活性，甚至高于阿联酋西洋蓍草完全提取物，同时西洋蓍草-Sep表现出最高的抗炎活性，甚至比完整的阿联酋西洋蓍草提取物还要高。有趣的是，西洋蓍草-Sep 抑制了 CRC 细胞中的关键脂质代谢靶标，这些靶标被广泛证明与癌症传播和预后有关 -SRBF1,FASN,ABCA1和HMGCR—以及上皮到间质靶标—CDH1,ATP1B1,CDH2和波形蛋白—增强细胞粘附力。结论：总而言之，SAS 技术已被应用于提供一种新型的生物活性化合物组合，即 yarrow-Sep，值得进一步研究，被提议作为治疗 CRC 的潜在补充营养保健品。