Neurovascular coupling (NVC) is an important mechanism to ensure adequate blood supply to active neurons in the brain. NVC damage can lead to chronic impairment of neuronal function. Diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar and is considered an important risk factor for cognitive impairment. In this review, we provide fMRI evidence of NVC damage in diabetic patients with cognitive decline. Combined with the exploration of the major mechanisms and signaling pathways of NVC, we discuss the effects of chronic hyperglycemia on the cellular structure of NVC signaling, including key receptors, ion channels, and intercellular connections. Studying these diabetes-related changes in cell structure will help us understand the underlying causes behind diabetes-induced NVC damage and early cognitive decline, ultimately helping to identify the most effective drug targets for treatment.

中文翻译：

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神经血管耦合功能障碍在糖尿病患者认知功能下降中的作用

神经血管耦合（NVC）是确保大脑中活跃神经元充足血液供应的重要机制。 NVC 损伤可导致神经元功能的慢性损伤。糖尿病的特点是高血糖，被认为是认知障碍的重要危险因素。在这篇综述中，我们提供了认知能力下降的糖尿病患者 NVC 损伤的 fMRI 证据。结合对NVC主要机制和信号通路的探索，讨论慢性高血糖对NVC信号细胞结构的影响，包括关键受体、离子通道和细胞间连接。研究这些与糖尿病相关的细胞结构变化将有助于我们了解糖尿病引起的 NVC 损伤和早期认知能力下降的根本原因，最终有助于确定最有效的治疗药物靶点。