This special issue considers the significance of film to the establishment and development of scientific approaches to the mind. Bonnie Evans explores how the origins of film technologies in 1895 in France encouraged a series of innovative collaborations, influencing both psychological theorisation, and new filming techniques. Jeremy Blatter explains how Harvard psychologist Hugo Münsterberg created early films specifically designed to engage audiences using psychological tactics. Scott Curtis’ article examines how Yale psychologist Arnold Gesell was able to extract scientific data from a film. Felix Rietmann’s article explores a collection of infant observation films from the 1930s and 1960s and how they developed unique narratives of mothers’ engagement with their children that did not necessarily match up with dominant scientific theories. Janet Harbord's article considers how a trilogy of films made at the Maudsley Hospital in the 1950s engaged with innovative film-making techniques that captured behaviour as discrete units. Seth Watter further examines how William S. Condon's use of the unique technology of the Bell and Howell 173BD projector in the 1960s created new understandings of human behaviour that could not have been predicted in advance, and which were highly influenced by the technology itself. Finally, Des O’Rawe explores how radical approaches in both anti-psychiatry, and documentary film-making in the 1960s created new opportunities for audiences to engage with different psychological states. All of these developments in film and psychology continue to influence understandings in both these fields to the present day.

中文翻译：

---

电影、观察和心灵

本期特刊探讨了电影对于建立和发展心灵科学方法的重要性。邦妮·埃文斯 (Bonnie Evans) 探讨了 1895 年法国电影技术的起源如何鼓励一系列创新合作，影响心理学理论和新的电影技术。杰里米·布拉特 (Jeremy Blatter) 解释了哈佛大学心理学家雨果·明斯特伯格 (Hugo Münsterberg) 如何创作早期电影，专门利用心理策略吸引观众。斯科特·柯蒂斯 (Scott Curtis) 的文章探讨了耶鲁大学心理学家阿诺德·格塞尔 (Arnold Gesell) 如何从电影中提取科学数据。 Felix Rietmann 的文章探讨了 20 世纪 30 年代和 1960 年代的一系列婴儿观察电影，以及它们如何发展出关于母亲与孩子互动的独特叙事，而这些叙事不一定与主流科学理论相符。 Janet Harbord 的文章探讨了 20 世纪 50 年代莫兹利医院拍摄的三部曲如何采用创新的电影制作技术，将行为捕捉为离散的单位。 Seth Watter 进一步研究了 William S. Condon 在 20 世纪 60 年代使用 Bell and Howell 173BD 投影仪的独特技术如何对人类行为产生了新的理解，而这些行为是无法提前预测的，并且深受技术本身的影响。最后，德斯·奥拉维探讨了 20 世纪 60 年代反精神病学和纪录片制作中的激进方法如何为观众创造了接触不同心理状态的新机会。电影和心理学的所有这些发展至今仍在影响着这两个领域的理解。