Ten fungal species were isolated from soil in the Western Desert and Wadi El-Natron in Egypt. All fungal isolates were morphologically recognized down to the species level. Methanol extracts of fungal mycelia and ethyl acetate extracts of culture filtrate from the isolated fungi were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against six pathogenic bacteria and one pathogenic yeast (Candida albicans ATCC20231). Only ethyl acetate extracts of Fusarium circinatum, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus terreus culture filtrates showed significant antimicrobial activity against the majority of the investigated pathogens. The culture filtrate extract of Aspergillus niger exhibited notable cytotoxicity towards the breast cancer (MCF-7) cell line, with the lowest detected IC₅₀ recorded at 8 μg/μl. Whereas Fusarium circinatum and Aspergillus terreus had IC₅₀s of 15.91 μg/μl and 18 μg/μl, respectively. A gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) investigation of A. niger’s potent extract revealed 23 compounds with different biological activities. Glycidyleoleate was found to be the main extract component. Aspergillus niger extract was chosen to study its possible cytotoxic mechanism. The extract was found to induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest at the < 2n stage. Despite a significant increase in caspases 8 and 9, the production levels of tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6) have shown a significant decrease. The high interaction of glycidyleoleate against the studied cytokines’ binding receptors was demonstrated via docking studies. In conclusion, the available data revealed that the culture filtrate extract of A. niger possesses promising antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and immunomodulatory properties.

从埃及西部沙漠和瓦迪埃尔纳特龙的土壤中分离出十种真菌。所有真菌分离株均在形态学上被识别到物种水平。评估了真菌菌丝体的甲醇提取物和分离真菌培养滤液的乙酸乙酯提取物对六种病原细菌和一种病原酵母（白色念珠菌ATCC20231）的抗菌活性。只有镰刀菌、黑曲霉和土曲霉培养滤液的乙酸乙酯提取物对大多数所研究的病原体表现出显着的抗菌活性。黑曲霉的培养滤液提取物对乳腺癌 (MCF-7) 细胞系表现出显着的细胞毒性，检测到的最低 IC ₅₀为 8 μg/μl。而Fusarium circinatum和Aspergillus terreus的 IC ₅₀分别为 15.91 μg/μl 和 18 μg/μl。对黑曲霉有效提取物的气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 研究揭示了 23 种具有不同生物活性的化合物。发现缩水甘油油酸酯是主要的提取物成分。选择黑曲霉提取物来研究其可能的细胞毒性机制。该提取物被发现可诱导细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞在 < 2n 阶段。尽管半胱天冬酶 8 和 9 显着增加，但肿瘤坏死因子 α (TNF-α) 和白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 的产生水平显着下降。通过对接研究证明了缩水甘油油酸酯与所研究的细胞因子结合受体的高度相互作用。总之，现有数据表明，黑曲霉的培养滤液提取物具有良好的抗菌、细胞毒性和免疫调节特性。