Loanwords carry information on linguistic interactions, and can also reveal (pre-)historical population contacts. The contact history of a particular language family is an essential component of historical linguistics, but it is also illuminating for integrative studies of the human past. However, data availability and the time-consuming nature of etymology mean that comprehensive research on loanword layers exists for relatively few languages, forcing us to rely on limited material for others. This paper compares the loanword layers in the basic and total vocabulary of six well-studied Uralic languages, assessing how accurately the borrowing profile in basic vocabulary reflects the full profile of a language. We define “borrowing profile” as the known contact history of a language reflected by its loanword layers. We demonstrate that the loanword layers in basic vocabulary provide an adequate cross-section of the full borrowing profile, although basic vocabulary manifests prehistoric contacts more strongly than more recent contacts.

中文翻译：

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基本词汇中的外来词作为借款概况的指标

外来词携带有关语言相互作用的信息，并且还可以揭示（前）历史的人口接触。特定语系的接触史是历史语言学的重要组成部分，但它对于人类过去的综合研究也具有启发意义。然而，数据的可用性和词源学的耗时性质意味着对相对较少的语言存在外来词层的全面研究，迫使我们依赖其他语言的有限材料。本文比较了六种经过深入研究的乌拉尔语言的基本词汇和总词汇中的借词层，评估了基本词汇中的借词概况反映语言完整概况的准确程度。我们将“借用资料”定义为借词层反映的语言的已知接触历史。我们证明，基本词汇中的外来词层提供了完整借用概况的充分横截面，尽管基本词汇比最近的接触更强烈地表现出史前接触。