In order to solve the problem of insufficient oxidation resistance and corrosion resistance of magnetic metal absorbent represented by carbonyl iron powder, a wave absorbing composite material which consists of different filling mass proportions of the atomized electrolytic stainless steel powder and paraffin wax is investigated. The electromagnetic (EM) characteristics and absorbing performance of the proposed composite material were tested with Agilent N5234A vector network analyzer in a frequency range of 2–18$$GHz. The experimental results show that the real and imaginary parts of the dielectric permittivity of stainless steel powder/paraffin composites will increase with the filling mass fraction in the test frequency band, while the real part of the permeability ${\mu }^{\prime }$ decreases with the increase of the mass fraction, and the imaginary part ${\mu }^{\prime \prime }$ increases with the increase of the mass fraction. At a thickness of 3$$mm, with the filling mass fraction increasing from 20$$wt.% to 60$$wt.%, the peak frequency of reflection loss (RL) moves to low frequency from 17.92$$GHz to 16$$GHz. Meanwhile, the minimum reflection loss (RL${}_{\mathrm{\text{min}}}$) also shows a downward trend, and the RL${}_{\mathrm{\text{min}}}$ value with a filling mass fraction of 60$$wt.% is −8.93$$dB. It can be seen that stainless steel powder shows good microwave absorbing performance, and it has excellent anti-oxidation, and anti-corrosion properties. Based on the excellent performance of stainless steel powder, its absorption performance is expected to be further improved through multi-layer optimization design, so as to meet the needs of electromagnetic protection in harsh environments.

为了解决以羰基铁粉为代表的磁性金属吸收剂抗氧化性和耐腐蚀性不足的问题，研究了一种由不同填充质量比例的雾化电解不锈钢粉和石蜡组成的吸波复合材料。使用 Agilent N5234A 矢量网络分析仪在 2–18 频率范围内测试了复合材料的电磁 (EM) 特性和吸波性能$$兆赫。实验结果表明，在测试频段内，不锈钢粉末/石蜡复合材料介电常数的实部和虚部均随填充质量分数的增加而增大，而磁导率的实部则随填充质量分数的增加而增大。${\mu }^{\prime }$随质量分数的增加而减小，虚部${\mu }^{\prime \prime }$随质量分数的增加而增加。厚度为 3$$mm，填充质量分数从20开始增加$$重量% 至 60$$wt.%，反射损耗(RL)的峰值频率从17.92移至低频$$GHz 至 16$$兆赫。同时，最小反射损耗（RL${}_{\mathrm{\text{分钟}}}$）也呈现下降趋势，RL${}_{\mathrm{\text{分钟}}}$填充质量分数为60时的值$$重量%为-8.93$$D b。可以看出，不锈钢粉末表现出良好的微波吸收性能，并且具有优异的抗氧化、防腐性能。基于不锈钢粉末的优异性能，其吸波性能有望通过多层优化设计得到进一步提升，从而满足恶劣环境下的电磁防护需求。