Abstract

Tumor growth and metastasis require neovascularization, which is dependent on a complex array of factors, such as the production of various pro-angiogenic factors by tumor cells, intercellular signaling, and stromal remodeling. The hypoxic, acidic tumor microenvironment is not only conducive to tumor cell proliferation, but also disrupts the equilibrium of angiogenic factors, leading to vascular heterogeneity, which further promotes tumor development and metastasis. Anti-angiogenic strategies to inhibit tumor angiogenesis has, therefore, become an important focus for anti-tumor therapy. The traditional approach involves the use of anti-angiogenic drugs to inhibit tumor neovascularization by targeting upstream and downstream angiogenesis-related pathways or pro-angiogenic factors, thereby inhibiting tumor growth and metastasis. This review explores the mechanisms involved in tumor angiogenesis and summarizes currently used anti-angiogenic drugs, including monoclonal antibody, and small-molecule inhibitors, as well as the progress and challenges associated with their use in anti-tumor therapy. It also outlines the opportunities and challenges of treating tumors using more advanced anti-angiogenic strategies, such as immunotherapy and nanomaterials.

中文翻译：

---

肿瘤血管生长抑制研究进展

摘要

肿瘤生长和转移需要新血管形成，这取决于一系列复杂的因素，例如肿瘤细胞产生的各种促血管生成因子、细胞间信号传导和基质重塑。缺氧、酸性的肿瘤微环境不仅有利于肿瘤细胞增殖，还会破坏血管生成因子的平衡，导致血管异质性，进一步促进肿瘤的发展和转移。因此，抑制肿瘤血管生成的抗血管生成策略已成为抗肿瘤治疗的重要焦点。传统的方法是使用抗血管生成药物，通过靶向上下游血管生成相关通路或促血管生成因子来抑制肿瘤新生血管形成，从而抑制肿瘤的生长和转移。本文探讨了肿瘤血管生成的机制，总结了目前使用的抗血管生成药物，包括单克隆抗体和小分子抑制剂，以及它们在抗肿瘤治疗中的进展和挑战。它还概述了使用更先进的抗血管生成策略（例如免疫疗法和纳米材料）治疗肿瘤的机遇和挑战。