The overall goal of this research was to develop the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system, integrating multiple advanced oxidation technologies, to effectively treat Enrofloxacin (ENR), a typical antibiotic pollutant known for its resistance to degradation. The modified biochar underwent thorough characterization, including analysis of its structure, morphology, surface material composition, and other properties. Adsorption experiments revealed that the Biochar (BC) component exhibited the most robust adsorption removal rate, reaching 15%, followed by Bismuth Iodide Oxide loaded Biochar (BC-BiOI) (9%) and Bismuth Iodide Oxide (BiOI) (2%). The control experiment was separately conducted under dark or visible light conditions, demonstrating that photocatalysis primarily contributed to ENR degradation. The subsequent degradation kinetics also showed this point. The pathway and mechanism of ENR degradation in the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system were extensively analyzed. The contribution of each active substance was determined through free radical quenching tests and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectra. The results indicated that ·OH and SO₄⁻· played dominant roles in the early stages of ENR degradation, while ¹O₂ became the primary contributor in the later stages, with ¹O₂ > ·OH > SO₄⁻·. In addition, the toxicity and applicability of the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system were evaluated. This study demonstrates the effectiveness and feasibility of the Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS system in treating ENR wastewater.

本研究的总体目标是开发Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS系统，集成多种高级氧化技术，以有效处理恩诺沙星（ENR）这种以抗降解而闻名的典型抗生素污染物。对改性生物炭进行了彻底的表征，包括对其结构、形态、表面材料成分和其他性能的分析。吸附实验表明，生物炭（BC）组分表现出最强的吸附去除率，达到15％，其次是负载碘化氧化铋的生物炭（BC-BiOI）（9％）和碘化铋氧化物（BiOI）（2％）。对照实验分别在暗光或可见光条件下进行，表明光催化主要促进 ENR 降解。随后的降解动力学也表明了这一点。对 Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS 系统中 ENR 降解的途径和机制进行了广泛的分析。通过自由基猝灭测试和电子顺磁共振（EPR）光谱确定了每种活性物质的贡献。结果表明，·OH和SO ₄ ⁻ ·在ENR降解的早期起主导作用，而¹ O ₂在后期成为主要贡献者，¹ O ₂  >·OH > SO ₄ ⁻ ·。此外，还评估了Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS系统的毒性和适用性。本研究证明了 Vis/BC-BiOI/PMS 系统处理 ENR 废水的有效性和可行性。