Heavy metals in the agrarian wetlands have substantial implications for the environment, agriculture, and human well-being. This study is a comprehensive examination of heavy metal concentrations and hydrochemical characteristics in the Kol wetland system, a Ramsar site located on the southwest coast of India. It represents the first comprehensive assessment of the distribution of nine heavy metals (Cu, Cd, Zn, Pb, Fe, Ni, Mn, Co, and Cr) to evaluate Kol wetland water suitability for aquatic life and irrigation purposes. To achieve this, surface water samples were collected during two consecutive monsoon periods in September 2018 and 2019. The average concentrations of the heavy metals in the Kol area were: Zn (0.31–618 µg/L), Cu (BDL-212 µg/L), Fe (30.17–4418.5 µg/L), Mn (1.2–506 µg/L), Ni (BDL-61.96 µg/L), Cr (BDL-61.96 µg/L), Cd (BDL-46.19 µg/L), Co (BDL-4.03 µg/L), and Pb (BDL-103 µg/L). While Cd and Zn exceeded recommended limits by the US Environment Protection Agency, all metal concentrations fell within acceptable levels for irrigation set by the Food and Agriculture Organization. The spatial distribution pattern revealed significant disparities among the three zones of the study area, with the central and southern regions exhibiting higher metal concentrations than the northern zone. Pollution indices indicated that Kol water is suitable for irrigation, with medium contamination and threat to aquatic life noted at the S3 station. Principal components analysis highlighted siltation processes and anthropogenic activities as likely sources of heavy metal contamination. This scenario provides valuable data for strengthening the supervision of the Kol wetlands.

农业湿地中的重金属对环境、农业和人类福祉具有重大影响。这项研究对位于印度西南海岸的拉姆萨尔湿地系统 Kol 湿地系统中的重金属浓度和水化学特征进行了全面检查。它是首次对九种重金属（铜、镉、锌、铅、铁、镍、锰、钴和铬）的分布进行综合评估，以评估 Kol 湿地水对水生生物和灌溉的适宜性。为了实现这一目标，我们在 2018 年 9 月和 2019 年 9 月连续两个季风期间采集了地表水样品。Kol 地区重金属的平均浓度为：Zn (0.31–618 µg/L)、Cu (BDL-212 µg/L)。 L)、铁 (30.17–4418.5 µg/L)、锰 (1.2–506 µg/L)、镍 (BDL-61.96 µg/L)、铬 (BDL-61.96 µg/L)、镉 (BDL-46.19 µg/L) L)、Co (BDL-4.03 µg/L) 和 Pb (BDL-103 µg/L)。虽然镉和锌超出了美国环境保护署建议的限值，但所有金属浓度均落在粮食及农业组织规定的灌溉可接受的水平内。空间分布格局揭示了研究区三个区域之间的显着差异，中部和南部地区的金属浓度高于北部地区。污染指数表明，Kol 水适合灌溉，S3 站注意到，污染程度为中度，对水生生物构成威胁。主成分分析强调淤积过程和人为活动可能是重金属污染的来源。该场景为加强库尔湿地监管提供了宝贵的数据。