Can the Markan disciples still be viewed as potential role models for the Gospel audience if Mark’s writing is identified as a biography? This long-standing line of narrative interpretation has recently been rejected as anachronistic by Helen K. Bond, who maintains that in Graeco-Roman biographies, secondary characters are only included for what they bring to the portrait of the protagonist. In response, this paper demonstrates that ancient biographies regularly use followers of their main characters to provide multiple mimetic patterns that clarify, broaden, and mitigate what it means to imitate their heroes. In particular, Mark’s cast of secondary characters offers three alternative patterns of behaviour for potential followers of Jesus: apostles, who emulate his itinerant lifestyle of preaching, healing, and exorcism; hosts, who provide apostles with food and shelter in their homes; and supporters, who serve the movement in other ways in accordance with their abilities and social status.

中文翻译：

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《马可福音》中的模仿中介：希腊罗马传记如何利用次要人物来提供多种模仿模式

如果马可的著作被认定为传记，马可门徒是否仍可被视为福音受众的潜在榜样？这种长期存在的叙事解释路线最近被海伦·K·邦德斥为不合时宜，她坚持认为，在希腊罗马传记中，次要人物只是因为他们给主角的肖像带来的影响而被纳入其中。作为回应，本文证明古代传记经常使用主要人物的追随者来提供多种模仿模式，以澄清、扩大和减轻模仿英雄的含义。特别是，马可的次要角色为耶稣的潜在追随者提供了三种不同的行为模式：使徒，他们效仿他的巡回传教、治疗和驱魔的生活方式；主人，为使徒提供食物和住所；支持者，根据自己的能力和社会地位以其他方式为运动服务。