The aim of this paper is to examine if and how the reclassification of platform workers from self-employment status to employment status can provide them with adequate social security protection. Little is known about how this transition would guarantee platform workers adequate social protection within the social protection scheme for employees. National social security schemes, in particular income replacement benefit schemes, often (still) depart from the standard employment relationship, leading to lower protection for atypical work forms. Platform workers combine several of the characteristics of atypical forms of work, such as low earnings, irregular working patterns and working. Integrating platform workers into employee social security schemes faces additional challenges due to the online nature of their work, algorithmic management, high levels of unpaid labor, and employer identification difficulties. This paper focuses on unemployment protection, as EU Member States struggle to provide adequate protection for workers with irregular work patterns and income fluctuations, in the case of (short term) income replacement benefits. By constructing nine ideal work patterns reflective of diverse nature of platform work and current practices among platform work, we analyse how different types of ‘employed’ platform workers may fare within the legislation of three EU countries (Belgium, Italy, and the Netherlands). This approach allows us to assess the applicability of unemployment protection to different working patterns among 'employed' platform workers, considering formal, effective, and adequate access to unemployment schemes as outlined in the Council Recommendation on access to social protection for workers and the self-employed (2019).

中文翻译：

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绘制平台工人的社会保障覆盖范围：比利时、意大利和荷兰的比较分析

本文的目的是探讨平台从业人员从自营职业身份重新分类为就业身份是否以及如何为他们提供足够的社会保障保护。对于这种转变将如何保证平台工人在员工社会保障计划内获得足够的社会保障，人们知之甚少。国家社会保障计划，特别是收入替代福利计划，常常（仍然）偏离标准雇佣关系，导致对非典型工作形式的保护较低。平台工作者结合了非典型工作形式的几个特点，如收入低、​​工作模式不规律、工作方式不规律等。由于平台工作人员工作的在线性质、算法管理、高水平的无偿劳动以及雇主身份识别的困难，将平台工作人员纳入员工社会保障计划面临着额外的挑战。本文重点讨论失业保护，因为欧盟成员国在（短期）收入替代福利方面努力为工作模式不规则和收入波动的工人提供充分的保护。通过构建反映平台工作多样性和平台工作当前实践的九种理想工作模式，我们分析了不同类型的“就业”平台工人在三个欧盟国家（比利时、意大利和荷兰）的立法范围内的表现。这种方法使我们能够评估失业保护对“就业”平台工人不同工作模式的适用性，并考虑正式、有效和充分地获得失业计划，如理事会关于工人和自我保护的社会保护的建议中所述。就业（2019）。