Proteins of the armadillo repeat gene family play important roles in plant pathogen response. Here, 169 armadillo (ARM) genes were identified in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Phylogenetic analysis grouped these into 11 subfamilies, with conserved protein structures within each subfamily. The results signify that the expansion of the gene family occurred via whole genome duplication and dispersed duplication. Expression profiling and network analysis suggest that GhARM144 may regulate cotton resistance to Verticillium dahliae. GhARM144 was upregulated in roots by V. dahliae infection or salicylic acid treatment. This upregulation indicates a negative regulatory role of GhARM144’ in the cotton immune responses, potentially by manipulating salicylic acid biosynthesis. Protein interaction studies found that GhARM144 associates with an osmotin‐like protein, GhOSM34, at the plasma membrane. Silencing GhOSM34 reduced the resistance to V. dahliae, suggesting it may play a positive regulatory role. The results demonstrate that GhARM144 modulates cotton immunity through interaction with GhOSM34 and salicylic acid signalling. Further study of these proteins may yield insights into disease resistance mechanisms in cotton and other plants.

中文翻译：

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对 ARM 基因的系统分析表明，GhARM144 通过与 GhOSM34 相互作用调节对大丽黄萎病的抗性

犰狳重复基因家族的蛋白质在植物病原体反应中发挥重要作用。这里，169 犰狳（手臂）基因在陆地棉中被鉴定（陆地棉）。系统发育分析将它们分为 11 个亚科，每个亚科内都有保守的蛋白质结构。结果表明基因家族的扩展是通过全基因组复制和分散复制发生的。表达谱和网络分析表明 GhARM144 可能调节棉花抗性大丽黄萎病菌。GARM144在根中上调大丽花感染或水杨酸治疗。这种上调表明负调节作用GARM144'在棉花免疫反应中，可能是通过操纵水杨酸生物合成来实现的。蛋白质相互作用研究发现GARM144与渗透素样蛋白结合，GOSM34，在质膜上。沉默GOSM34降低了抵抗力大丽花，表明它可能起到积极的调节作用。结果表明GARM144通过相互作用调节棉花免疫力GOSM34和水杨酸信号传导。对这些蛋白质的进一步研究可能会深入了解棉花和其他植物的抗病机制。