Fire, electromagnetic (EM) pollution, and sustainability require building insulation with fire resistance, EM interference shielding, and recyclability. However, fewer building insulation materials can fulfill these multifunctional requirements. Here, we report a multifunctional building thermal insulation material with a sandwich structure that uses SiO aerogel powder as the insulating filler phase, α-AlO fiber as the refractory reinforcing phase, and carbon fiber mat (CFF) as the electromagnetic interference shielding layer prepared by the mixing-pressing-drying method. The effects of different SiO aerogel power contents on fire resistance, thermal insulation, and hydrophobicity, the effects of different carbon fiber contents on EMI performance, and the effects of CFF as an interlayer on compressive strength and recyclability were investigated. The results demonstrated exceptional fire resistance properties and low thermal conductivity (0.0529 W/m·K) with a SiO aerogel powder content of 11.2 wt%. Specifically, the structure of the aerogel/fiber composite remains intact and the temperature of the non-heated surface is lower than 75.8 ℃ after 4 min of continuous flame combustion. It can achieve a commercial shielding standard of 20 dB at a carbon fiber content of 5 wt%. In addition, CFF as interlayers can effectively improve the compression strength of the material and solve the problem of difficult recycling of carbon fiber. In conclusion, this sandwich structure of multifunctional aerogel/fiber composites provides new ideas for the manufacture of fire resistance, energy-saving, EM-protection, and recyclable building insulation materials.

中文翻译：

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多功能、可回收的夹层结构气凝胶/纤维建筑保温复合材料

火灾、电磁 (EM) 污染和可持续发展要求建筑绝缘材料具有耐火性、电磁干扰屏蔽性和可回收性。然而，能够满足这些多功能要求的建筑保温材料较少。在此，我们报道了一种具有夹层结构的多功能建筑保温材料，该材料以SiO气凝胶粉末为绝缘填充相，α-Al2O3纤维为耐火增强相，碳纤维毡（CFF）为电磁干扰屏蔽层。混合-压制-干燥方法。研究了不同SiO气凝胶粉含量对耐火性、隔热性和疏水性的影响，不同碳纤维含量对EMI性能的影响，以及CFF作为中间层对抗压强度和可回收性的影响。结果表明，SiO 气凝胶粉末含量为 11.2 wt%，具有优异的耐火性能和低导热系数 (0.0529 W/m·K)。具体来说，连续火焰燃烧4 min后，气凝胶/纤维复合材料的结构保持完整，非受热表面温度低于75.8 ℃。在碳纤维含量为5wt%的情况下，可以达到20dB的商业屏蔽标准。此外，CFF作为中间层可以有效提高材料的抗压强度，解决碳纤维回收困难的问题。总之，这种多功能气凝胶/纤维复合材料的夹层结构为防火、节能、电磁防护和可回收建筑保温材料的制造提供了新的思路。