Given the increasing severity of the climate crisis and, with it, rising climate anxiety, it is imperative to understand what climate anxiety is, how it functions, and how people can cope with it constructively. Nevertheless, research has often mixed different conceptualizations and operationalizations of climate anxiety, yielding sometimes seemingly contradictory findings. This study contributes with a more nuanced and structured approach by 1) exploring systematically how climate anxiety manifests (i.e., investigating the existence of subgroups), and 2) investigating vulnerability and resilience factors that might explain belonging to these different subgroups. We analyzed answers of = 2052 German-speaking survey respondents, stratified for age, gender, and education, who provided information on different facets of their climate anxiety (namely climate-anxious appraisal, affect, and potentially related impairment). Using latent profile analysis, we identified four subgroups with different manifestations of climate anxiety: climate-anxious impaired (8.5%), climate-anxious less impaired (17.5%), climate-anxious functioning (41%), and non-climate anxious (33%). Subsequent multinomial logistic regression revealed that high nature connectedness, male gender, and young age but not exposure to cumulative stressors (i.e., combination of stressors such as unemployment and low presence of high-quality nature in one's living environment) were potential vulnerability factors to belong to the climate-anxious impaired group compared to all other groups. Our person-centered approach nuances the study of climate anxiety and advances possibilities to study constructive coping with climate anxiety.

中文翻译：

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出去玩还是压力大？探索自然连通性和累积压力源作为气候焦虑不同表现形式的恢复力和脆弱性因素

鉴于气候危机日益严重，以及随之而来的气候焦虑不断加剧，有必要了解什么是气候焦虑、它如何发挥作用以及人们如何建设性地应对它。然而，研究经常混合气候焦虑的不同概念和操作，有时会得出看似矛盾的发现。这项研究通过以下方式提供了一种更加细致和结构化的方法：1）系统地探索气候焦虑如何表现（即调查亚组的存在），2）调查可能解释属于这些不同亚组的脆弱性和恢复力因素。我们分析了 2052 名德语调查受访者的答案，按年龄、性别和教育程度进行分层，他们提供了有关气候焦虑不同方面的信息（即气候焦虑评估、影响和潜在相关损害）。通过潜在概况分析，我们确定了具有不同气候焦虑表现的四个亚组：气候焦虑受损（8.5%）、气候焦虑轻度受损（17.5%）、气候焦虑功能（41%）和非气候焦虑（ 33%）。随后的多项逻辑回归显示，高自然连通性、男性性别和年轻，但不暴露于累积压力源（即失业和生活环境中高质量自然的低存在等压力源的组合）是属于潜在的脆弱性因素与所有其他群体相比，气候焦虑受损群体的影响更大。我们以人为本的方法细致入微地研究了气候焦虑，并提高了研究建设性应对气候焦虑的可能性。