Oral drug delivery is a prevalent and cost-effective method due to its advantages, such as increased drug absorption surface area and improved patient compliance. However, delivering proteins and peptides orally remains a challenge due to their vulnerability to degradation by digestive enzymes, stomach acids, and limited intestinal membrane permeability, resulting in poor bioavailability. The use of nanotechnology has emerged as a promising solution to enhance the bioavailability of these vital therapeutic agents. Polymeric NPs, made from natural or synthetic polymers, are commonly used. Natural polysaccharides, such as alginate, chitosan, dextran, starch, pectin, etc., have gained preference due to their biodegradability, biocompatibility, and versatility in encapsulating various drug types. Their hydrophobic-hydrophilic properties can be tailored to suit different drug molecules.

中文翻译：

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多糖纳米颗粒增强蛋白质和肽的口服生物利用度

口服药物递送是一种普遍且具有成本效益的方法，因为它具有增加药物吸收表面积和提高患者依从性等优点。然而，口服蛋白质和肽仍然是一个挑战，因为它们容易被消化酶、胃酸降解，并且肠膜渗透性有限，导致生物利用度差。纳米技术的使用已成为增强这些重要治疗剂的生物利用度的有前途的解决方案。通常使用由天然或合成聚合物制成的聚合物纳米颗粒。天然多糖，如海藻酸盐、壳聚糖、右旋糖酐、淀粉、果胶等，由于其生物可降解性、生物相容性以及封装各种药物类型的多功能性而受到青睐。它们的疏水-亲水特性可以定制以适应不同的药物分子。