The Anfal genocide, including the infamous Halabja chemical attack, has imprinted deep scars on the Kurdish community in Iraq that lasted for decades. Despite significant historical documentation, the enduring psychological impact on survivors is less examined. This systematic review synthesizes existing research to address this gap. Adhering to the PRISMA guidelines, this review systematically searched databases for scholarly articles examining the mental health of Kurdish survivors following the 1988 Anfal genocide, with a focus on PTSD, depression, and anxiety. Of the initial 201 articles identified, seven met the inclusion criteria. These studies were subjected to a thorough data extraction and qualitative synthesis, and their quality was appraised using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). The selected studies encompassed a combined sample of 760 participants, ranging in age from 7 to 92 years. The findings revealed high prevalence rates of PTSD, particularly in children, with a prevalence rate of 87%. In adults, PTSD and depression prevalence rates in unselected samples were estimated at 86.2% and 49%, respectively. Qualitative findings from survivors reveal a complex interplay of depression, intrusive memories, and societal isolation, compounded by poverty and discrimination, with health concerns like respiratory and ocular problems further exacerbating psychological distress. However, non-representative samples and absence of control groups limit result generalization. The literature reviewed indicates substantial psychological distress among the Anfal genocide survivors, underscoring an urgent need for targeted mental health interventions. Future research needs representative samples and validated tools for precise prevalence assessment and comprehensive impact understanding.

安法尔种族灭绝，包括臭名昭著的哈拉卜贾化学袭击，给伊拉克库尔德社区留下了持续数十年的深深伤痕。尽管有重要的历史文献，但对幸存者的持久心理影响却很少研究。本系统综述综合了现有的研究来解决这一差距。这篇综述遵循 PRISMA 指南，系统地检索了数据库，查找研究 1988 年安法尔种族灭绝后库尔德幸存者心理健康的学术文章，重点关注创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)、抑郁和焦虑。在最初确定的 201 篇文章中，有 7 篇符合纳入标准。这些研究经过了彻底的数据提取和定性综合，并使用混合方法评估工具（MMAT）对其质量进行了评估。选定的研究包含 760 名参与者的合并样本，年龄从 7 岁到 92 岁不等。研究结果显示，PTSD 患病率很高，尤其是儿童，患病率为 87%。在成人中，未经选择的样本中 PTSD 和抑郁症的患病率估计分别为 86.2% 和 49%。幸存者的定性研究结果揭示了抑郁、侵入性记忆和社会孤立之间复杂的相互作用，再加上贫困和歧视，呼吸系统和眼部问题等健康问题进一步加剧了心理困扰。然而，非代表性样本和缺乏对照组限制了结果的推广。查阅的文献表明，安法尔种族灭绝幸存者存在严重的心理困扰，这凸显了迫切需要有针对性的心理健康干预措施。未来的研究需要代表性样本和经过验证的工具来进行精确的患病率评估和全面的影响理解。