Anthropogenic disturbances have drastic negative effects on the biodiversity, thereby also compromising the ecosystem service it provides. Bees are one of the key players since they provide essential pollination services for both natural and agriculture ecosystems. Nevertheless, these insects are facing an increasing threat due to expansion of urban areas and inappropriate land use practices. Therefore, understanding the impact of different anthropogenic disturbances on bee communities is essential to assure the ecosystem functioning and human well-being. In this study, we made use of a well-known bee group, i.e., euglossine bees (Euglossine: Apidae), and of a fast-growing city to investigate the impact of anthropogenic disturbance on bee community. Using scent traps, we monthly collected male euglossine bees in seven sampling areas, differing in terms of the anthropogenic use/disturbance. Land use in each area was characterized through pre-georeferenced images and mapping software and from these data we calculated an Anthropogenic Transformation Index. Our results reveal that anthropogenic disturbance negatively impacts the euglossine bee community, in contrast to the positive effect of the proximity to the river. However, and perhaps the most alarming aspect of our findings, is the interaction effect between these two conditions, demonstrating that as we approach the river, parameters such as abundance, species richness, and diversity of these bee communities become more compromised by disturbance. Our study shows the urgent need to implement effective conservation strategies and sustainable management practices to protect and restore riparian forests in Caatinga urban areas, aiming to safeguard its associated biota and the valuable ecosystem services they provide.

人为干扰对生物多样性产生严重的负面影响，从而也损害了其提供的生态系统服务。蜜蜂是关键参与者之一，因为它们为自然和农业生态系统提供必要的授粉服务。然而，由于城市地区的扩张和不适当的土地利用方式，这些昆虫正面临着越来越大的威胁。因此，了解不同的人为干扰对蜜蜂群落的影响对于确保生态系统功能和人类福祉至关重要。在这项研究中，我们以一个著名的蜂群，即绿舌蜂（Euglossine：Apidae）和一个快速发展的城市为对象，调查人为干扰对蜜蜂群落的影响。使用气味陷阱，我们每月在七个采样区域收集雄性绿舌蜂，这些采样区域在人为使用/干扰方面有所不同。通过预地理参考图像和绘图软件对每个区域的土地利用进行了表征，并根据这些数据计算了人为转化指数。我们的结果表明，人为干扰对绿舌蜂群落产生负面影响，而靠近河流的影响则相反。然而，也许我们的发现中最令人震惊的方面是这两种条件之间的相互作用，这表明当我们接近河流时，这些蜜蜂群落的丰度、物种丰富度和多样性等参数会因干扰而受到更大的影响。我们的研究表明，迫切需要实施有效的保护战略和可持续管理实践，以保护和恢复卡廷加城市地区的河岸森林，旨在保护其相关生物群及其提供的宝贵生态系统服务。